American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences
American Journal of Technology and Applied Sciences is an peer reviewed international, open access journal. This journal publishes the articles in the field of Technology and Applied Sciences. Authors are requested to submit their original research for the double blind peer reviewed journal. ISSN (E): 2832-1766 JIF 2024: 9.115
MODERN MILITARY-TACTICAL INTEGRATION OF LOCAL PHYTOCHEMICAL RESOURCES: NANOTECHNOLOGICAL MODIFICATION AND THE PROSPECTS OF AUTONOMOUS PRECISION SYSTEMS THE CASE OF CAPSICUM
This study assessed the composition and health risk level of welding fumes from fabrication facilities in Port Harcourt. The objectives were to; ascertain the composition and concentration of heavy metals in welding fumes and to examine the cancer and non-cancer health risk of fume through inhalation. Using experimental design, Air samples from fabrication facility in Port Harcourt was obtained using Mini-Vol portable air sampler and analyzed for presence and concentration of heavy metals. Health risk assessment was evaluated based on non-cancer risk using hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk using Cancer Risk Index (CRI). The results revealed that the heavy metal identified in the fumes and their concentrations were Iron (1.8935μg/g), Nickel (0.0194μg/g), Zinc (0.0107μg/g), Manganese (0.0132μg/g), Lead (0.2696μg/g), Chromium (0.0089μg/g), Aluminum (0.0071μg/g), Cobalt (0.1803μg/g), Cadmium (0.0854μg/g), Magnesium (0.0064μg/g), Calcium (0.0628μg/g) and Potassium (0.7174μg/g) which are all higher than recommended limits. Non-cancer health risk assessment revealed that non-carcinogenic metals contain in the fumes posed no health risk to the welders (HQ>1.0)) while Cadmium and Chromium posed cancer health risk because their CRI of 1.62×10^(-6) and 1.8×10^(-5) respectively were higher than recommended limit of 1.0×10^(-6). These findings highlight the need for robust enforcement of occupational health and safety regulations aimed at reducing possible health risk concerns associated with welding fume exposure. It was concluded that safeguarding the health and well-being of welders through systemic safety interventions is critical to promoting sustainable occupational health practices in fabrication industries in Port Harcourt.
Health Risk Level, Welding Fumes, Fabrication Facilities, Port Harcourt
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
REDUCING ROAD CONSTRUCTION COSTS THROUGH THE USE OF LOCAL MATERIALS
This article analyzes the issues of reducing road construction costs through the use of local construction materials. The study examines the economic and environmental advantages of using local gravel, sand, limestone, crushed stone, and recycled asphalt materials. In addition, the paper discusses the reduction of transportation and logistics costs, the implementation of resource-saving technologies, and the improvement of pavement quality through innovative methods. The research results demonstrate that the use of local resources not only reduces the overall cost of road construction but also ensures environmental sustainability.
highways, local materials, asphalt concrete, economic efficiency, construction cost, recycled asphalt, environmental safety, resource saving, innovative technologies.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGHWAY PAVEMENT
This article studies the foreign experience of highway pavement construction in developed countries and aims to adapt it to our local climatic conditions in order to bring road infrastructure to a new level.
drainage, asphalt concrete, cement concrete, polymer, autobahn, deformation, soil, infrastructure, smart road, seismic, monitoring, structural layer, technology.
IDENTIFICATION OF WATER BODIES AND PREPARATION OF MAPS FOR ASSESSING THEIR CONDITION BASED ON REMOTE SENSING DATA
This article describes the effective use of modern geoinformation and remote sensing technologies to develop a scientific and methodological approach based on satellite data and to test it in practice in order to determine the water availability of agricultural land, as well as to produce thematic water maps based on the MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index).
Agriculture, Water Index, Sentinel-2, MNDWI, satellite, water resources, map, ArcGIS, aerial photography, Waterinformation.uz, OpenStreetMap, Esri.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF AIR, WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION IN THE ARAL SEA REGION OF UZBEKISTAN, 2010–2025: DISTRICT-LEVEL TRENDS, JOINPOINT ANALYSIS AND 2030 OUTLOOK
Background. The Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan is exposed to combined air, water and soil pollution that has intensified over the past 15 years. Spatially explicit, temporally resolved descriptions are required for evidence-based environmental policy. Objective. To quantify the 2010–2025 evolution of pollution at district resolution across 25 administrative units of Karakalpakstan and Khorezm, and to derive a 2030 outlook. Methods. Annual PM10/PM2.5, surface-water TDS and CCME WQI, and soil heavy-metal and organochlorine concentrations were compiled. Joinpoint regression identified change-points; Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope tested trends. A no-additional-mitigation 2030 outlook was generated with 95 % prediction intervals. Results. PM10 rose 8–12 % (Moynak +27 %); Amu Darya TDS rose ~50 % to 1.4 g/L; Moynak soil ECe rose 42 %. Regional CPI rose from 0.38 to 0.44 (+15.8 %), with post-2017 acceleration (APC +1.4 %, p < 0.001). The 2030 outlook is CPI = 0.51 (95 % PI: 0.48–0.54), with seven districts in 'high' or 'critical' bands. Conclusions. The region is on a clear deterioration trajectory; targeted, district-resolved mitigation is urgent.
Aral Sea; Karakalpakstan; Khorezm; PM10; Amu Darya salinity; Joinpoint regression; Mann–Kendall trend test; 2030 outlook.
REMAINS OF NANNOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTED IN THE PALEOGENE DEPOSITS OF THE SURKHANDARYA DEPRESSION AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This article analyzes the composition, stratigraphic distribution, and geological significance of nannoplankton remains distributed in the Paleogene deposits of the Surkhandarya depression. It has been demonstrated that nannoplankton identified in Paleocene marine deposits are of significant importance in determining the relative age of strata, performing stratigraphic correlations, and restoring the paleogeographic environment. Furthermore, based on nannoplankton complexes, the relationship between the marine conditions of the Surkhandarya depression during the Paleogene period and the Tethys paleobassine was evaluated.
Surkhandarya depression, Paleocene, nannoplankton, nanofossil, biostratigraphy, paleogene, stratigraphy, paleogeography.
FORMATION OF RADIATION DEFECTS AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN QUARTZ CRYSTALS IRRADIATED WITH CHARGED PARTICLES
The paper investigates the gamma-luminescence (GL) spectra of iron-doped Fe quartz crystals irradiated with protons and deuterons. Within the temperature range of 77–155 K, the GL spectrum is characterized by a complex band in the 450–520 nm region. Using the Gaussian deconvolution method, the key components were identified at 470 nm (recombination at E'1-centers) and 490 nm (annihilation of self-trapped excitons). It is established that an increase in beam current density and the mass of incident particles (transition from protons to deuterons) leads to an increase in the intensity of the 470 nm band, which is explained by the enhanced efficiency of displacement and ionization-induced creation of oxygen vacancies. The anomalous intensity behavior in the 77–85 K range is interpreted as the thermal activation of charge carriers from shallow traps, while the sharp decline in emission at 155 K is attributed to thermal quenching according to the Mott-Seitz model. It is shown that the Fe impurity modifies the energy structure of radiation-induced defects and affects their thermal stability.
Quartz, Fe-impurity, proton irradiation, deuterons, luminescence, E'1-centers, self-trapped excitons, thermal quenching.
THE ROLE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE IN TEACHING ENGLISH
Intercultural communication competence (ICC) is an essential dimension of English language teaching (ELT) in today’s globalized world. As English expands beyond native speaker contexts, learners require not only linguistic proficiency but also the ability to navigate cultural differences, interpret varied communication norms, and engage respectfully with diverse interlocutors. This article reviews theoretical foundations of ICC, examines its significance in ELT, explores pedagogical approaches, and discusses challenges and implications for teaching practice.
THE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE DYNAMIC ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF ADSORBENTS ON WATER
In this article, the selection of adsorbents with high efficiency in gas drying and their physico-chemical parameters are discussed. Special cleaning processes in order to partially dry moisture and mechanical impurities in natural gas: adsorption in molecular systems; increasing the processing efficiency of solid adsorbent-zeolites is achieved. As a result of scientific research, the renewal of adsorbents has been scientifically based, and directions for the introduction of research have been studied.
Adsorber, desorber, adsorbent, solid mechanics, adsorbtiv, adsorbat
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON MODERN EDUCATION
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most influential technologies in modern education. It is transforming the teaching and learning process by introducing personalized learning, automated grading, intelligent content creation, and interactive educational tools. AI-powered systems analyze students’ performance and adapt learning materials according to their individual needs, pace, and abilities. This approach helps students understand complex topics more effectively and receive immediate feedback. In addition, AI reduces teachers’ workload by automating tasks such as grading assignments and preparing educational resources. Despite its numerous advantages, excessive reliance on AI may negatively affect students’ critical thinking, creativity, and independent problem-solving skills. Some learners may become dependent on automatically generated answers instead of developing their own understanding. Therefore, it is essential to use AI responsibly and ethically in educational settings. Overall, AI offers significant opportunities to make education more personalized, engaging, and efficient. When integrated appropriately, artificial intelligence can improve academic performance, enhance teaching quality, and contribute to the development of a smarter and more accessible educational system for students around the world.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Education, Personalized Learning, Adaptive Learning, Automated Grading, Interactive Learning Tools, Educational Technology, Intelligent Content Creation, Student Performance, Digital Learning.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL LITERACY SKILLS OF 6TH GRADE STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF INTEGRATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
This article highlights the importance of using interactive methods in teaching information technology. Effective interactive methods in teaching spreadsheets, Internet technologies, algorithmization and computer graphics are considered. This approach serves to increase the activity of students, develop independent thinking and form practical skills.
Future computer science teachers, digital educational technologies, digital educational platform, independent learning, independent learning competencies, pedagogical model, interactive methods, distance learning.
HR DEPARTMENT AS AN ENGINE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE: RESTRUCTURING, TRANSFORMATION AND BUSINESS RESILIENCE
This article analyzes the role of human resource management as an architect of organizational change in the context of strategic restructuring, deep transformations, and building business sustainability. It examines the evolution of the HR function from administrative support of labor processes to strategic partnerships and participation in organizational design. The theoretical foundations of change management are considered, including the concepts of Kurt Lewin and John Kotter, as well as the principles of the resource-based theory of the firm. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of HR participation in the restructuring of organizational structures, resistance management, cultural transformation, and the development of dynamic personnel competencies. HR analytics tools, leadership development systems, retraining programs, and the formation of a talent pool are analyzed as elements of ensuring long-term sustainability. It is shown that the integration of social responsibility principles and ESG approaches into HR management practices strengthens the strategic sustainability of an organization
Human resource management, HR, organizational change, restructuring, business transformation, business sustainability, organizational design, strategic management, corporate culture, change leadership, resistance management, human capital, ESG, HR analytics, digital transformation, dynamic capabilities, competency development, talent pool, organizational sustainability.
ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC STRENGTH OF RESERVOIRS INTENDED FOR OIL PRODUCTS
This study presents engineering solutions aimed at reducing the seismic vulnerability of reservoirs intended for petroleum products. Scientific and practical proposals have been developed to increase the seismic resistance of the reservoir and structural strengthening measures have been proposed based on numerical analyses performed in the LIRA-SOFT 10.12 software package.
LIRA-SOFT 10.12 program, seismic loads, equivalent stresses, cylindrical steel tank, ribs, load cases, buckling indices, dynamic analysis, seismic resistance.
IMPLEMENTATION OF KOREAN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN UZBEK PEDAGOGICAL COLLEGES: PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES AND CHALLENGES OF INTEGRATING 2+2+1 SCHEME FOR TRAINING HIGHLY QUALIFIED PRESCHOOL EDUCATION SPECIALISTS ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
This study examines the practical implementation of Korean educational programs in Uzbek pedagogical colleges, focusing on the integration of the 2+2+1 scheme for training highly qualified preschool education specialists according to international standards. The research highlights collaborative efforts between Puchon University in Tashkent and multiple Uzbek pedagogical colleges, including Qashqadaryo, Jizzax, Surxondaryo, Qoraqalpog‘iston, Qo‘qon, and Qorako‘l. The analysis emphasizes curriculum alignment, module integration, and credit system adaptation to enhance pedagogical competencies.
Korean educational programs, Uzbek pedagogical colleges, 2+2+1 scheme, preschool education, international standards, curriculum integration, teacher training.
THE FORCES GENERATED WHEN DRILLING BITS ARE APPLIED VERTICALLY AND OBLIQUELY: ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS AND INFLUENCE ON NORMAL OPERATION AT ANGLES OF 15° AND 30° INCLINATION
In this article the system of forces generated by operation of drilling bits at angles of vertical (0°), 15° and 30° inclinations of mining enterprises is analyzed. A mathematical model of the axle load (WOB), side force (Side Force), frictional force and the oblique angle of normal force was developed on the basis of a trigonometric approach and their effect on the normal operation of the bullet was determined. The results of the study show that slope angles from 15° to 30° reduce the axle load by 3.4-13.4%, and increase the side force by 25.9-50%. This condition significantly changes the drilling velocity, drill speed, and stabilizer load. The article provides recommendations based on modern Scopus index scientific sources.
Drill bit, oblique well, axle load (WOB), side force, normal force, frictional force, 15° inclination, 30° inclination, force analysis, circle dynamics, torque.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
The digital economy has altered the logic of enterprise management by changing how firms create value, coordinate operations, process information, and interact with customers, suppliers, and regulators. Under these conditions, management efficiency can no longer be understood only as cost reduction or administrative acceleration. It must be assessed through a broader system that includes decision speed, data quality, adaptability, innovation capacity, resilience, and the ability to scale digital solutions without losing strategic coherence. The article examines the principal ways to improve the efficiency of enterprise management in the digital economy. Particular attention is given to strategic digital alignment, process redesign, automation, data governance, managerial analytics, artificial intelligence, workforce competencies, platform interaction, cybersecurity, and sustainability.
Digital economy, enterprise management, management efficiency, digital transformation, automation, data governance, artificial intelligence.
THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LASER THERAPY IN GYNECOLOGY
This article provides an evidence-based analysis of the application of laser therapy in gynecology, including its effectiveness, advantages, and limitations. The effects of laser radiation on pathological tissues, prevention of bleeding, acceleration of tissue regeneration, minimal invasiveness, and reduction of rehabilitation time are described in detail. The article also provides comprehensive information on the use of laser therapy in cervical uterine diseases, tumor-like lesions associated with human papillomavirus, atrophic changes during menopause, and stress urinary incontinence.
Gynecology, laser therapy, cervical erosion, dysplasia, condyloma, menopause, stress urinary incontinence, epithelialization, human papillomavirus.
MODERN MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING EDUCATIONAL CONTINUITY FOR HOSPITALIZED LEARNERS IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Hospital pedagogy has evolved from an auxiliary service into a critical mechanism of inclusive education for learners whose health conditions disrupt regular school attendance. Hospitalization introduces unique constraints: unpredictable clinical routines, fatigue, infection control requirements, cognitive side effects of treatment, and psychosocial stress. In these conditions, traditional school-based inclusion measures are insufficient unless they are complemented by continuity mechanisms that connect hospital, home, and school learning environments. This article develops a conceptual, practice-oriented framework that integrates hospital pedagogy with digital and hybrid instructional models to ensure educational continuity during pediatric hospitalization. Using an integrative review logic and thematic synthesis of international policy sources and peer-reviewed research, the study identifies five enabling mechanisms: (1) shared governance and role clarity across hospital–school–family actors; (2) an Individualized Continuity Plan aligned with curriculum and medical constraints; (3) hybrid delivery combining bedside teaching, asynchronous micro-learning, and moderated synchronous connection to the home classroom; (4) monitoring, safeguarding, and data stewardship to protect children’s rights and privacy; and (5) reintegration pathways for return to school. The paper proposes measurable indicators (continuity rate, engagement, learning progression, psychosocial wellbeing, and technical reliability) and risk-mitigation strategies addressing digital inequality, caregiver burden, and fragmented accountability. The framework is intended to support education leaders, hospital teaching teams, and policy makers in designing resilient continuity systems that preserve learners’ educational trajectories during illness.
Hospital pedagogy; inclusive education; educational continuity; hospitalized learners; hybrid learning; telepresence; child rights; school–health collaboration.
FROM READING TO ACTION: HOW DIGITAL TEXT TRANSFORMS INTO PRACTICAL SKILLS IN LEARNERS WITH F70
The progressive digitisation of public services, healthcare, commerce, and civic participation across Central Asia has reconfigured the foundational conditions of social competence. For learners diagnosed with mild intellectual disability (F70 per the ICD‑10 classification of the World Health Organization), the capacity to navigate digital interfaces-to read on-screen instructions, interpret system notifications, and execute algorithmically structured sequences of practical actions-constitutes both a formidable cognitive challenge and a non-negotiable prerequisite for autonomous community participation. This article investigates the psycho-pedagogical mechanisms through which comprehension of instructive and informational digital texts is converted into reproducible, transferable practical skills within the curricular framework of Social-Domestic Orientation (SBO) instruction in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Drawing upon Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory, Gal’perin’s theory of the stepwise formation of mental actions, Paivio’s dual-coding theory, and the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework developed by CAST, the study proposes a five-component didactic model-comprehension, algorithmic execution, self-regulation, digital safety, and skill transfer-and presents empirical evidence from a quasi-experimental intervention involving 64 learners across four educational institutions in the Tashkent region. Results demonstrate statistically significant gains in algorithmic accuracy (p < 0.01), a measurable reduction in characteristic error patterns, and improved generalisation of digital skills to previously unfamiliar interfaces. The findings contribute to the critically under-researched intersection of special education and digital literacy in post-Soviet Central Asian educational contexts.
Digital literacy, mild intellectual disability, F70, instructive digital text, functional literacy, social-domestic orientation, algorithmisation, inclusive education, Uzbekistan, activity theory, scaffolding, Universal Design for Learning.
CONTROL OF MULTI-AGENT ROBOTIC SYSTEMS USING AI TECHNOLOGIES: ADVANCEMENTS IN DECENTRALIZED LEARNING AND COORDINATION
This paper explores the transformative shift in the control of Multi-Agent Robotic Systems (MARS) driven by breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence (AI) between 2024 and 2026. Traditional centralized control paradigms have increasingly proven inadequate for the scale and complexity of modern applications, leading to the rise of decentralized architectures. We analyze key innovations including Large Language Model (LLM)-driven algorithm discovery, Serverless Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), and the integration of Blockchain for secure, decentralized coordination. Specifically, we examine the "MARLess" framework and "Puzzle it Out" world models for offline learning. Our synthesis suggests that the convergence of swarm intelligence, quantum-linked automation, and multimodal path planning is enabling a new era of collaborative robotics capable of high-level reasoning and real-time adaptation in non-stationary environments.
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), Decentralized Control, Swarm Robotics, Large Language Models (LLM), Blockchain, Path Planning.
USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION FOR STUDENT ASSESSMENT
This article explores the transformation of approaches to pedagogical assessment in higher education under the influence of global digitalization and informatization. The paper examines the key benefits of implementing IT tools, such as increased objectivity and transparency of assessment, the possibility of implementing adaptive testing, and the automation of monitoring individual student progress. Particular attention is paid to the advantages of implementing ICT, such as assessment objectivity, timely feedback, transparency, and the possibility of individualizing the educational process. It also identifies existing challenges and limitations associated with the technical and organizational aspects of using information technology. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of digital solutions for improving the efficiency and quality of assessment in modern universities.
Higher education, information technology, pedagogical assessment, ICT, learning management systems (LMS), digitalization of education, monitoring of academic achievements.
DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO COMBAT SOIL EROSION IN THE KHOREZM REGION
This study examines the main causes of soil erosion in the Khorezm region, its negative impact on agricultural lands, and the development of effective measures to combat it. The research analyzes wind and water erosion processes, soil fertility degradation, and deterioration of land reclamation conditions. Furthermore, scientifically based recommendations are proposed, including modern agrotechnical methods, the establishment of protective forest belts, rational use of land resources, and the implementation of innovative technologies. The findings contribute to sustainable agricultural development and environmental stability in the region.
Soil erosion, wind erosion, water erosion, soil fertility, land reclamation, agrotechnics, protective forest belts, land resources, sustainable agriculture.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN PREVENTING CRIMES COMMITTED IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
This article analyzes the experience of Germany, Israel, South Korea, and other countries in preventing crimes committed in the field of information technologies. The institutional and regulatory-legal foundations of combating cybercrime in countries with highly developed digital infrastructure, as well as the activities of specialized cybersecurity centers, are described. In addition, the effectiveness of mechanisms such as early detection of cyberattacks, prevention of unauthorized access to computer systems, ensuring the security of personal data, and strengthening cooperation between the public and private sectors is analyzed. It is emphasized that the foreign approaches to modern technology-based monitoring systems, digital literacy programs, and international cooperation are of significant importance for adaptation to Uzbekistan’s practice. At the end of the article, proposals and recommendations are presented based on the experience of South Korea and Singapore in preventing cybercrime.
Cyber fraud, social networks, cybersecurity policy, prevention of cyberattacks, digital security, international cooperation, information technology crimes, foreign experience.
REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF DEFORMATION PROCESSES IN POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIALS
The article analyzes scientific works of both domestic and foreign authors devoted to the study of deformation and destruction of composite materials, and presents a review of scientific and technical literature devoted to the study of the processes of deformation and destruction of composite materials. Considerable attention is also paid to the wide range of test methods used to determine the strength properties and mechanical characteristics of composite materials.
Polymer Composite Materials, Static and Variable Loads, Mechanical Engineering, Strength, Stiffness, Fatigue Strength, Experimental Equipment, Testing
INFLUENCE OF ANNEALING CONDITIONS ON THE SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY OF THIN FILMS OF MANGANESE SILICIDES
This work examines the influence of thermal annealing conditions on the surface topography of thin manganese silicide films fabricated by ion implantation. Implantation was carried out at an energy of 100 keV with doses of 1×10¹⁵, 5×10¹⁵, and 1×10¹⁶ cm⁻², resulting in an average ion penetration depth of 90–110 nm and a distribution width of approximately 40 nm. Thermal annealing was performed in vacuum at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 800 °C for 30 minutes. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that increasing the annealing temperature leads to a rise in RMS surface roughness from 0.8 nm to 4–5 nm, and an increase in the average grain size from 20–30 nm to 80–120 nm. Additional parameters, including surface area, protrusion volume, height distribution, and grain statistics, were also evaluated. The results demonstrate that the surface topography of thin manganese silicide films can be effectively controlled through thermal annealing, a factor of critical importance for the development of micro- and nanoelectronic devices.
Manganese silicides, thin films, surface topography, atomic force microscopy, thermal annealing, ion implantation, surface morphology, RMS roughness, height distribution.
STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND MORPHOLOGY OF THIN FILMS OF MANGANESE SILICIDES OBTAINED BY ION IMPLANTATION AND THERMAL ANNEALING
The paper investigates the formation processes, structural features and morphology of thin films of manganese silicides obtained by ion implantation of manganese into single-crystal silicon followed by thermal annealing. It has been shown that at low implantation doses and annealing temperatures up to 600 °C, silicidal phases are predominantly in an amorphous or nanocrystalline state. Increasing the implantation dose to and the annealing temperature to 700–800 °C results in the formation of crystalline phases of MnSi and Mn₅Si₃. The size of crystallites, estimated from X-ray diffraction analysis, increases from 20–30 nm to 50–60 nm with increasing annealing temperature.10^16 〖см〗^(-2) Atomic force microscopy has established that an increase in the degree of crystallinity is accompanied by a change in the morphology of the surface: the RMS roughness increases from ~0.8 nm at 600 °C to 4–5 nm at 800 °C, while a granular and insular structure is formed. Measurements of the electrical properties showed a decrease in the resistivity of the films to values of the order of Ω10^(-4)⋅cm under optimal annealing regimes, which correlates with an improvement in the crystal order.
Manganese silicides, ion implantation, thermal annealing, thin films, structure, morphology
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMATED CONTROL OF SIMULATOR TRAINING OF ATC CONTROLLERS
The article discusses the main algorithms of automated control of simulator training of ATC controllers. A methodology for organizing joint simulator training of flight crews and ATC specialists has been developed, based on mastering a set of competencies allocated for a set of exercises for the development of individual knowledge suitable for instrumental assessment and automation. Basic algorithms for the tasks of an automated modular simulator based on a semantic network have been developed with readjustment of the learning rate by changing the level of trainees' load on the automated simulator system for the training of flight crews and ATC specialists. It is shown that the use of automated modular simulators makes it possible to improve flight safety, as well as to increase the speed and efficiency of training military pilots and ATC specialists.
Air traffic control, air traffic controller, control post, simulator, guidance theory and methodology, combat control of aviation, ATC specialists.
THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MODERN DIGITAL ECONOMY
This article explores the influence of artificial intelligence technologies on managerial decision-making processes within the digital economy from scientific, theoretical, and applied viewpoints. The research focuses on the adoption of artificial intelligence across various economic sectors, its functional significance in public governance and business operations, as well as its contribution to improving economic performance. The level of artificial intelligence implementation is examined through the case of Uzbekistan, highlighting its strategic role in ensuring the sustainable development of the digital economy. The findings indicate that the consistent application of artificial intelligence in management decision-making enhances economic efficiency and supports institutional advancement.
Artificial intelligence, digital economy, management decisions, digital transformation, information security, public administration, innovation, economic efficiency, application of artificial intelligence, technologies.
THE LEVEL OF EOSINOPHILIC CATIONIC PROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH ATOPIC BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN COMBINATION WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
The aim of the study was to investigate the level of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in the blood serum of patients with atopic bronchial asthma (ABA) and its combination with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 40 people were examined, including 10 healthy individuals (control), 12 patients with isolated A B A, and 18 patients with A B A + GERD. The ECP level was determined by ELISA. The values mean were: control - 15.6 ± 4.3 μg/L; isolated A B A - 46.2 ± 11.1 μg/L (p < 0.01); ABA + GERD - 68.9 ± 14.6 μg/L (p < 0.001). ECP correlated positively with the eosinophil count (r = 0.67) and IgE level (r = 0.54) and negatively with FEV₁ (r = –0.61). The most pronounced systemic eosinophil activation was revealed in patients with combined pathology. The obtained data confirm the diagnostic and prognostic value of determining ECP as a marker of systemic inflammation and therapeutic effectiveness.
Eosinophil cationic protein, atopic bronchial asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, systemic inflammation, IgE, eosinophil activation, biomarkers.
APPLICATION OF MODERN PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING "DIRECT CURRENT (DC) CIRCUITS" IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
The teaching of "Direct Current (DC) Circuits" serves as a foundational pillar in electrical engineering education. However, traditional pedagogical methods often fail to bridge the gap between theoretical circuit analysis and practical engineering applications. The study analyzes how these methodologies enhance student engagement and conceptual understanding of Ohm’s and Kirchhoff’s laws. Results indicate that incorporating virtual laboratories and interactive simulations leads to a 25% increase in academic proficiency and significantly reduces errors in complex circuit calculations. The findings suggest that a technology-integrated approach is essential for developing 21st-century engineering competencies.
Electrical engineering, DC circuits, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, Pedagogical technology, Virtual laboratory, NI Multisim, Flipped classroom, STEM education.