American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences
American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences is an open access peer reviewed journal. The journal is double blind peer reviewed. The journal publishes the research in the field of humanities, social sciences and law. ISSN (E): 2832-8019 JIF 2024: 9.445
THE PROBLEM OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY АND THE CONCEPTUАL FEАTURES OF SUFI GNOSEOLOGY
The problem of knowledge hаs occupied а centrаl plаce in the history of philosophy since аntiquity. Philosophers from Аncient Greece, the Islаmic intellectuаl trаdition, аnd modern Europeаn schools аttempted to explаin the nаture, source, limits, аnd methods of humаn cognition. Within this broаd epistemologicаl discourse, Sufi gnoseology emerged аs а unique spirituаl-philosophicаl аpproаch thаt emphаsized inner purificаtion, divine illuminаtion, аnd mysticаl intuition аs essentiаl meаns of аttаining truth. This аrticle exаmines the historicаl development of epistemology аnd аnаlyzes the conceptuаl foundаtions of Sufi gnoseology. Pаrticulаr аttention is devoted to the philosophicаl views of Jаlаl аl-Din Rumi, Аbu Hаmid аl-Ghаzаli, Ibn Аrаbi, Nаjmiddin Kubro, аnd Bаhouddin Nаqshbаnd.
Epistemology, Sufi gnoseology, mysticаl cognition, mа’rifа, qаlb, ruh, kаshf, irfаn, Jаlаluddin Rumi, Аl-Ghаzаli, Ibn Аrаbi, Nаjmiddin Kubro, Bаhouddin Nаqshbаnd, spirituаl purificаtion, divine illuminаtion.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
SPATIAL INEQUALITY IN THE SOVIET HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: THE CASE OF RURAL HEALTHCARE IN THE SURKHANDARYA REGION (1940 - 1960)
This article analyzes the state of rural healthcare institutions in the Surkhandarya region between 1940 and 1960, focusing on their material-technical base and staffing levels. It demonstrates that due to the extensive development of the healthcare system during the Soviet era – prioritizing quantitative indicators over qualitative ones – most medical facilities in the region were housed in adapted buildings and lacked modern medical equipment. Furthermore, the study highlights that physicians with higher education worked primarily in urban and district centers, while the rural population was largely served by secondary medical personnel, resulting in a low quality of care.
Rural healthcare, feldsher-midwife station (FMS), rural district hospital, outpatient services, medical personnel, physician shortage
CRIMINAL-LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECIDIVISM
Recidivism represents one of the most complex and socially dangerous manifestations of multiple crimes within the criminal law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It not only demonstrates the limited effectiveness of previous punitive and corrective measures but also significantly heightens the level of public danger and undermines public confidence in the justice system. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the criminal-legal characteristics of recidivism, its conceptual foundations, mandatory features, types, and practical problems of qualification in accordance with the current legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Particular emphasis is placed on the provisions of Article 34 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which establishes a differentiated system comprising simple recidivism, dangerous recidivism, and especially dangerous recidivism. The study explores the close interrelation between recidivism and the institution of criminal record, the rules governing multiple crimes, the impact of recidivism on the individualization of punishment, and its role as an aggravating circumstance. Furthermore, the article addresses contemporary challenges in judicial practice, the balance between the principles of justice, humanism, and public protection, and the directions for further improvement of criminal-legal regulation in the context of the criminal policy of New Uzbekistan. Despite ongoing legislative reforms aimed at humanization, recidivism continues to pose serious theoretical and practical issues that require deep scientific understanding and effective law enforcement mechanisms.
Recidivism, multiple crimes, criminal record, dangerous recidivism, especially dangerous recidivism, qualification of crimes, sentencing rules, Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, criminal policy, New Uzbekistan, repeated criminality.
CHALLENGES OF INVESTMENT IN TEACHER DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES
The paper examined challenges of investment in teacher development education in Nigerian Universities. The study made use of secondary data for its analysis. The paper premised on the fact that teacher education programme is directed towards the development of teacher proficiency and competence that would enable and empower the teacher to meet the requirements of the profession and face the challenges therein. In the light of this, the paper observed that challenging factors such as funding and lack of respect for teacher education has been found as what has limited teacher education in Nigeria. This leads to the paper concluding that, achieving quality education would be a mirage if teacher education is not improved and taken cognizance off. The paper suggested amongst others that government should provide adequate funding as well as instructional materials for the training of teachers in the different programme in teacher education in the country.
Teacher Education, Investment, Development, Universities, Students.
THE IMPOSTOR PHENOMENON AND THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF SELF-EVALUATION, SELF-ESTEEM, AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG UZBEK YOUTH
Background. The impostor phenomenon (IP) — the persistent belief that one’s achievements are undeserved, accompanied by a fear of being “exposed” as a fraud — has been increasingly linked to social media environments that amplify upward social comparison and dependence on external validation. This study examined social-media-related negative self-evaluation, global self-esteem, and depressive symptoms through the theoretical lens of the impostor phenomenon among Uzbek youth. Methods. A secondary analysis was conducted on data from 1,605 respondents aged 17–35 years who completed an 18-item Uzbek-language questionnaire measuring the negative impact of social media on self-esteem (with three subscales: body image and emotional impact, social comparison and low self-worth, and dependence on external validation), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Raven’s Progressive Matrices. Correlational analyses, group comparisons, and an exploratory mediation analysis were performed. An integrative model of the impostor phenomenon guided interpretation. Results. Negative self-evaluation from social media correlated strongly and negatively with self-esteem (r = −.595, p < .001) and positively with depressive symptoms (r = .404, p < .001), but negligibly with intelligence (r = .034, ns). The impostor-relevant subscales — dependence on external validation and social comparison/low self-worth — showed the expected moderate associations with low self-esteem (r = −.452 and −.448) and depression (r = .306 and .327). Group differences by sex, age, and daily usage duration were small or nonsignificant (all η² ≤ .004), indicating that the experience is broadly distributed and not primarily a function of time online.
Impostor phenomenon; impostor syndrome; social media; self-esteem; social comparison; external validation; depressive symptoms; Uzbek youth.
AN ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN AND NATIONAL RESEARCH ON DEVELOPING CULTURAL AND SOCIAL SKILLS THROUGH DIGITAL TOURISM
The rapid expansion of digital tourism has changed the way individuals encounter cultural heritage, communicate with representatives of different communities and participate in tourism-related learning. Digital platforms, virtual tours, augmented reality, online museum resources, QR-based information systems and digital storytelling tools are no longer limited to destination promotion; they increasingly function as educational environments for developing cultural awareness and social communication skills. This article analyzes foreign and national research devoted to the development of cultural and social skills through digital tourism. The study is based on a comparative literature review of international scientific works, policy documents and national studies related to digital tourism, smart tourism, cultural heritage, tourism education and intercultural competence. The findings show that foreign research mainly emphasizes digital competence, intercultural communication, user experience, social inclusion and sustainable tourism education, whereas national research, particularly in Uzbekistan, focuses more on digitalization of tourism infrastructure, promotion of cultural heritage, smart tourism mechanisms and sustainable development of heritage destinations. The article concludes that digital tourism can become an effective pedagogical and socio-cultural tool if it is integrated with interactive learning, local cultural content, multilingual communication and community-based tourism practices.
Digital tourism, cultural skills, social skills, intercultural communication, smart tourism, cultural heritage, tourism education, Uzbekistan, digital competence, sustainable tourism.
PRIORITY DIRECTIONS FOR ENHANCING YOUTH PATRIOTISM IN THE CONDITIONS OF NEW UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the priority directions for enhancing youth patriotism in the context of New Uzbekistan from a socio-philosophical perspective. In the context of globalization and digital transformation, the issues of forming national identity, civic responsibility, and patriotic values among young people are examined. The study highlights the role of the education system, mass media, social networks, and state policy in shaping youth upbringing. The author proposes improving spiritual and educational activities, introducing innovative approaches, and ensuring the harmony of national and universal values as key priority directions for strengthening youth patriotism.
Patriotism, youth, spiritual transformation, national identity, globalization, civic responsibility, social activity, education, New Uzbekistan.
DECORATIVE DESIGNS OF SPHEROCONICAL VESSELS: THE EXAMPLE OF THE OLD TERMIZ MONUMENT
Among more than 50 monuments in Central Asia, more than 300 “simobko‘zacha” - spheroconical vessels - were discovered during archaeological research conducted in various years in Old Termez. Spherocones - are vessels from the Middle Ages, made mainly by potters, distinguished from other ceramic products by their sturdy, thick-walled, small rim, narrow neck, variously shaped belly, and often conical bottom. These types of finds are significant because they are widespread in the Muslim East. Debates about these findings have been ongoing among scientists and enthusiasts since the early 19th century. The main cause of the controversy is the question of what the function of the mercury jars is. Spheroconical vessels found at the ancient Termez monument are currently kept in the Medieval Fund of the Termez Archaeological Museum. They have types that differ from each other in morphological structure, capacity, and decoration. This article discusses the decorations and their types found on Old Termez spheroconical vessels. The ornaments were applied to the surface of the dishes before firing, using stamps or pointed tools. Each ornament has its own meaning.
Old Termez, epigraphic, Circular groove (pits), B.A. Litvinsky. Haytabad.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL AND HUMANITIES DISCIPLINES IN FOSTERING TOLERANCE AMONG THE YOUTH OF NEW UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the role and importance of social and humanities disciplines in shaping tolerance, interethnic harmony, and humanistic values in the minds of the younger generation in New Uzbekistan. The author explores ways to elevate the worldview, spiritual level, and communication culture of young people through disciplines such as philosophy, history, sociology, psychology, political science, and cultural studies. The article describes methods of promoting tolerance in the educational process, modern approaches to moral and spiritual education, and the scientific-theoretical foundations for establishing tolerance in the consciousness of youth. The research results show that strengthening the role of social and humanities disciplines in the education system serves to reinforce an environment of harmony and mutual respect among young people.
Tolerance, social and humanities disciplines, youth, New Uzbekistan, spirituality, education, humanism.
THE ROLE OF WOMEN’S SOCIAL ACTIVITY IN THE LIFE OF SOCIETY: A PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS
This article analyzes the role of women’s social activity in the life of society from a pedagogical perspective. In the contemporary world, women’s participation in education, family upbringing, professional activity, civic initiatives, leadership, social protection and community development is considered an important indicator of social progress. The article emphasizes that women’s social activity is not limited to economic or political participation; it also includes moral education, social responsibility, cultural continuity, human capital development and the formation of democratic values among the younger generation. The purpose of the study is to reveal the pedagogical significance of women’s social activity and to identify the educational mechanisms that strengthen women’s participation in society. The research is based on theoretical analysis, comparative approach, content analysis of international documents and pedagogical interpretation. The results show that women’s active participation contributes to the development of social stability, civic consciousness, family culture, educational quality and inclusive social relations. The article concludes that gender-sensitive education, lifelong learning, leadership training and the elimination of stereotypes are essential pedagogical tools for increasing women’s social activity.
Women’s social activity, pedagogy, gender equality, education, social development, civic participation, women’s empowerment, family education.
SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WORKING WITH LONELY OLDER ADULTS
The phenomenon of loneliness among older adults has become one of the most urgent socio-gerontological issues in modern society. Population ageing, the transformation of family relations, migration, urbanization, retirement, health limitations, and digital inequality have significantly changed the social position of elderly people. Loneliness in old age is not only an emotional or psychological condition but also a complex social phenomenon connected with weakening social ties, loss of social roles, limited participation in community life, and insufficient institutional support. This article analyzes the sociological aspects of working with lonely older adults from the perspective of social integration, social capital, intergenerational solidarity, community-based care, and social policy. The study emphasizes that effective work with lonely elderly people requires a systematic approach involving family, community, healthcare institutions, social services, non-governmental organizations, and state policy. The article argues that loneliness among older adults should be understood as a form of social vulnerability and potential social exclusion, and therefore it must be addressed through preventive, inclusive, and humanistic mechanisms of social support.
Older adults, loneliness, social isolation, sociology of ageing, socio-gerontology, social work, social support, social exclusion, intergenerational solidarity, elderly care.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE AK-SARAY PALACE DURING THE REIGN OF AMIR TEMUR AND ITS POLITICAL AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the construction process, architectural design, and political, military, and cultural significance of the Oqsaroy majmuasi built during the reign of Amir Temur. The study aims to examine the palace not only as an architectural monument but also as a complex socio-political institution that reflects the state-building strategies and ideological foundations of the Timurid Empire. The research is based on a combination of historical-analytical and comparative methods, utilizing both primary historical sources and modern scholarly literature. Particular attention is given to the technological aspects of construction, including foundation engineering, water supply systems, and structural organization. The findings reveal that the Ak-Saray Palace was constructed using advanced engineering techniques for its time, such as layered foundations with water stabilization, long-distance water transportation systems, and fortified defensive towers.
Ak-Saray, Amir Temur, Timurid period, architecture, palace architecture, urban planning, monumental construction, engineering innovations, water supply systems, Shahrisabz, historical monument, political center, cultural heritage.
THE HISTORY OF THE AMIR TEMUR ERA IN WESTERN HISTORIOGRAPHY
This article scientifically analyzes the study of Amir Temur and the Timurid period in Western historiography, as well as the views of European scholars, writers, and orientalists. It examines how the image of Sahibqiran was portrayed in Western literature and historical sources, and how his state administration, military strategy, and cultural heritage were evaluated.
Amir Temur, Timurids, Western historiography, world history, oriental studies, Clavijo, Barthold.
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF STEAM EDUCATION AND THE FORMATION OF NEW GENERATION THINKING: HARMONY OF INNOVATIVE WORLDVIEW AND SPIRITUAL MATURITY
This article analyzes the essence of STEAM education, its role in shaping the mindset of the new generation, and the harmony between an innovative worldview and spiritual maturity from a philosophical perspective. It demonstrates that under the conditions of accelerating digital transformation, the STEAM approach not only develops technical and scientific competencies but also fosters qualities such as creativity, critical thinking, and moral responsibility. The article highlights the integrative and comprehensive nature of STEAM education in forming the cognitive culture, cognitive flexibility, and spiritual maturity of the new generation.
STEAM education, innovative thinking, worldview of the new generation, spiritual maturity, integrative approach, digital transformation, creative thinking, cognitive culture, spiritual values, philosophical foundations.
CAPITAL STRUCTURE OPTIMISATION AND WACC MINIMISATION IN REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES: AN ECONOMETRIC APPROACH
This article examines the optimal capital structure of regional industrial enterprises through the lens of the trade-off theory and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) minimisation framework. We develop an econometric model integrating the CAPM-based equity cost estimation with a System GMM dynamic panel specification to identify the causal relationship between leverage and enterprise value creation. Using panel data from 148 industrial enterprises in Kashkadarya Region, Uzbekistan (2018–2023), we demonstrate that the optimal debt-to-equity ratio — the "turning point" in the U-shaped WACC function — lies within the range of 35–45%, beyond which marginal bankruptcy costs outweigh tax shield benefits. The findings provide an evidence-based framework for capital allocation decisions in transitional industrial economies.
Capital structure optimisation, WACC minimisation, trade-off theory, CAPM, System GMM, leverage, Kashkadarya Region, Uzbekistan.
THE IMPACT OF DEVELOPING TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL SKILLS ON EDUCATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the impact of developing teachers’ professional competence on the effectiveness of the educational process. It highlights the role of teachers in the modern education system and defines pedagogical competence and professional mastery as key factors in improving the quality of education. The study also substantiates the importance of teachers’ innovative activity, skills in using pedagogical technologies, and the process of professional development within the competency-based approach. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the mechanisms for improving educational effectiveness through the development of professional mastery are revealed. As a result, it is emphasized that a professionally competent teacher is a decisive factor in ensuring effective organization of the educational process, developing students’ independent thinking, and achieving high-quality learning outcomes.
Educational effectiveness, professional mastery, pedagogical competence, innovative education, competency-based approach, pedagogical technologies, teacher activity, professional development, quality of education, reflection, interactive methods, lifelong education.
ISSUES OF FORMING AN ATTITUDE OF INTOLERANCE TOWARD EXTREMISM AMONG YOUTH
This article provides a scientific analysis of the issues of forming an attitude of intolerance toward extremism among young people. It also highlights that protecting youth from extremist ideas, developing ideological immunity, and strengthening an attitude of intolerance have become a priority task in the national security strategies of states, and that this issue has become one of the most pressing topics on the political agenda of the international community.
Politics, ideology, society, spirituality, youth, security, education, prevention, extremism, stability, radicalism, intolerance, immunity.
LIFE AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF AZIZKHO’JAYEV ALISHER ABBOSOVICH
This scientific article covers the life and scientific activity of Azizkhojyev Alisher Abbosovich, his contribution to the education system with his pedagogical potential. The scientist’s scientific theories, work activities, and his great contribution to the legal field were studied using scientific literature and reliable articles. His scientific heritage and services in training young legal personnel are also analyzed. The article also provides information about the scientist’s innovations in science, knowledge applied in the field of public administration, and pedagogical experience. The results of the study show that Azizkhodjayev Alisher Abbosovich is not only a great teacher, teacher, legal scholar and a strong political figure, his contributions to the prosperity of our country during the years of independence, his mark on public administration are incomparable and significant.
Doctor of Law, outstanding figure, international conference, scientific articles, teacher, public and social administration.
USER-GENERATED CONTENT AND DELIVERY PERFORMANCE: EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF USEFULNESS AND CREDIBILITY ON DELIVERY RELIABILITY AND FLEXIBILITY IN NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE FIRMS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined the relationship between user-generated content and delivery performance of non-alcoholic food and beverage firms in Rivers State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated the influence of usefulness and credibility of user-generated content on delivery reliability and delivery flexibility. The study was anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which explains how perceived usefulness and credibility influence information adoption and decision-making. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted, and data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 384 respondents, out of which 312 were retrieved and found usable, representing a response rate of 81.25%. The data collected were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with the aid of statistical software. The findings revealed that usefulness of user-generated content has a strong positive and significant relationship with delivery reliability (r = 0.681, p < 0.05) and a very strong relationship with delivery flexibility (r = 0.862, p < 0.05). Similarly, credibility of user-generated content showed strong positive and significant relationships with delivery reliability (r = 0.674, p < 0.05) and delivery flexibility (r = 0.621, p < 0.05). Based on these results, all null hypotheses were rejected. The study concluded that user-generated content significantly enhances delivery performance, and that firms that leverage useful and credible customer feedback are more likely to improve their logistics operations. The study recommends that firms should actively monitor and integrate user-generated content into their operational decision-making processes to improve delivery reliability and flexibility.
User-generated content, usefulness, credibility, delivery reliability, delivery flexibility, delivery performance.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF THE “MEDIATION” INSTITUTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
This article examines the formation and development of the mediation institution in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its future prospects. It analyzes the legal, institutional, and social foundations of mediation as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in the country. The study highlights the importance of mediation in reducing the burden on judicial systems, improving access to justice, and promoting a culture of peaceful conflict resolution. It also explores the challenges facing the development of mediation practice in Uzbekistan, including limited public awareness, insufficient professional mediators, and the need for further legal improvement. The research concludes that strengthening mediation institutions will contribute to social stability, legal efficiency, and the development of civil society in Uzbekistan.
Mediation, Uzbekistan, dispute resolution, alternative dispute resolution (ADR), legal system, civil society, justice, conflict resolution, institutional development, legal reform.
PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS OF UNDERSTANDING SOCIO-HISTORICAL PROCESSES
This article provides a philosophical analysis of the methodological foundations for understanding socio-historical processes and the interconnection between the philosophy of history and social reality. The author explores the concept of socio-historical integrity based on a systems approach and proposes a paradigm of "dialectical-cultural understanding" of history. The article highlights the role of historical narrativity and ancestral heritage in the development of national identity, as well as the correlation between formational and civilizational approaches within the context of the views of Eastern and Western thinkers and contemporary researchers.
Socio-historical process, socio-historical integrity, philosophy of history, methodology, national identification, civilization, cultural existence, dialectical-cultural understanding, epistemology.
NATIONAL STATE SOVEREIGNTY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
This article analyzes the theoretical and legal foundations of state sovereignty in the context of globalization, as well as its modern transformation. The study examines the historical development of the concept of sovereignty, its classical and contemporary interpretations, and the impact of globalization processes on state independence. Particular attention is paid to the role of transnational corporations and international organizations in shaping public policy, as well as to such concepts as “limited sovereignty” and “delegated sovereignty.” The article also explores the positive and negative consequences of globalization and addresses the issue of maintaining a balance between national interests and international cooperation. In addition, the concept of digital sovereignty and its role in modern state policy are considered. Using the example of Uzbekistan, the priority directions for strengthening national sovereignty are highlighted. The findings indicate that globalization does not eliminate state sovereignty but rather transforms it and leads to its manifestation in new forms. In this regard, states should actively participate in global processes while simultaneously developing effective mechanisms to protect national interests.
Globalization, state sovereignty, nation-state, international organizations, transnational corporations, digital sovereignty, global integration.
INTERNATIONAL DOCKING SYSTEM STANDARD: BETWEEN COOPERATION AND HIERARCHY
The International Docking System Standard (IDSS) is a technical interface that enables different spacecraft to connect safely in orbit. Under the United States led Artemis Accords, 52 partner nations are required to adopt this standard to ensure mission safety and interoperability. However, scholars disagree about the political implications of this technical requirement. This study addresses the following research question: How does the IDSS standard redefine international power dynamics in the Artemis led lunar exploration? Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Stewart and Dittmer (2023) and Morin and Tepper (2023), the research analyzes official documents, academic literature, and historical cases such as the Apollo Soyuz Test Project. The findings reveal a fundamental paradox: The IDSS simultaneously functions as a “material vernacular” that facilitates international cooperation and as a “chokepoint effect” that creates a United States led technological hierarchy. Shared docking standards enable states to collaborate, even during terrestrial political conflicts. At the same time, they bind partner nations to American engineering norms, restrict their strategic autonomy, and marginalize rival powers such as China. The paper concludes that technical standards are never neutral; they embed structural power and reshape international relations. These findings are particularly important for emerging space nations that must balance the benefits of interoperability against the risks of long term dependency. As the Moon becomes a new arena for great power competition, understanding who writes the technical rules is as critical as understanding who builds the rockets.
International Docking System Standard; Artemis Accords; space diplomacy; structural power; technical interoperability.
ISSUES OF ENSURING SPIRITUAL AND IDEOLOGICAL SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
This article examines the issues of ensuring spiritual and ideological security in the context of globalization. It analyzes the growing influence of global processes on the value system, worldview, and ideological stability of society. The study emphasizes the importance of strengthening spiritual resilience, preserving national identity, and developing effective mechanisms to counter ideological threats in modern conditions. Special attention is given to the role of education, culture, and state policy in maintaining ideological stability and promoting national values.
Globalization, spiritual security, ideological security, national identity, value system, ideological stability, cultural development, education, state policy.
EFFECTIVE METHODS OF USING FOLKLORE MATERIALS IN EDUCATION LESSONS
This article analyzes effective methods of using Uzbek children's folklore in primary school reading lessons. During the study, the impact of interactive methods, game technologies, staging and multimedia tools on the effectiveness of education was studied. The results of the experiment showed that lessons based on folklore increase the level of students' mastery.
Folklore, primary education, reading lesson, methodology, interactive methods, fairy tale, riddle, pedagogical technology.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL MIGRATION ON THE QUALITY OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL TRANSFORMATION
This article presents a comprehensive systemic analysis of the relationship between processes of international academic mobility and the qualitative transformation of human capital. In the context of the transition to a post-industrial society and a knowledge-based economy, scientific and educational migration is considered not merely as the movement of individuals, but as a fundamental factor in the accumulation of intellectual resources and a key driver of innovative development in national systems. The author thoroughly examines the multi-level mechanisms through which migration flows influence the structure of professional and personal competencies, analyzes the risks associated with intellectual emigration, and substantiates the strategic necessity of transitioning to “brain circulation” models. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of human capital modernization in developing economies within the context of their integration into the global educational and scientific space.
Human capital, scientific and educational migration, academic mobility, intellectual potential, knowledge economy, globalization, innovative development.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF DIAGNOSTICS AND ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES
The paper presents the theoretical basis for diagnostics and technical condition assessment of reinforced concrete bridges in service. The main groups of defects and damage are classified and their influence on load-carrying capacity is discussed. The review covers non-destructive testing methods, including ultrasonic, vibration-based and radiographic techniques, as well as static and dynamic load testing. Mathematical models for residual life prediction and reliability assessment are summarized, and an algorithmic workflow for bridge diagnostics is proposed. An example of practical application to a 24 m span bridge demonstrates the use of measured concrete strength, crack width, reinforcement loss and deflection data for assigning a condition category and repair decision. The study substantiates the need for an integrated, system-based approach to the evaluation of reinforced concrete bridge structures.
Reinforced concrete bridge, diagnostics, technical condition, non-destructive testing, load-carrying capacity, residual life, defects, cracking, reinforcement corrosion.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS EFFECT ON RAISING THE EFFICIENCY OF INFORMATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
The study aims to diagnose the reality of digital transformation in the Central Library, and measuring its effect on enhancing the efficiency of information project management in its technical and human dimensions. It also seeks to identify barriers to access to the smart library and to provide a practical model that contributes to automating office processes and raising the accuracy of information retrieval, the descriptive-analytical approach was adopted in the study and the questionnaire, observation and standardized interview were used as methods of data collection, and the statistical program SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the results of the study, and the study came out with a number of results, most notably: The Central Library has achieved remarkable success in the project of the digital repository for dissertations, as it obtained the highest average of (4.42), making it the most efficient project, the results proved that digital transformation has actually contributed to reducing the time spent on academic research and improving the accuracy of information retrieval, existing digital systems have achieved a good level of ensuring the sustainability of available resources without significant technical disruption, despite the need to upgrade infrastructure.
Digital Transformation, Project Management, Information Efficiency.
METHODS OF TEACHING SCIENTIFIC STYLE OF SPEECH TO STUDENTS WITH A NON-RUSSIAN LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION
This article examines the issues of mastering the scientific style of speech by students whose language of instruction is not Russian. It discusses the main methods and types of work with scientific texts, including abstracting and editing scientific texts, as well as scientific and methodological work related to the selection of educational materials.
Methods, text, scientific style, scientific writing
CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF DIETOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS
Chronic hepatitis (CH) represents a significant epidemiological challenge in the global healthcare system, with its development influenced by a complex interplay of metabolic, viral, and socio-hygienic factors. In recent years, dietotherapy has been increasingly recognized as an essential component of the comprehensive management of patients with CH. The objective of this literature review is to analyze the clinical effectiveness of dietotherapy in chronic hepatitis based on contemporary scientific evidence. According to the analyzed data, balanced nutrition—particularly diets rich in antioxidants, characterized by a low glycemic index, and containing hepatoprotective components—has been shown to reduce liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST), attenuate inflammatory processes, and slow the progression of fibrosis. Conversely, high-calorie and high-fat diets contribute to accelerated disease progression. When combined with pharmacotherapy, dietotherapy significantly improves clinical outcomes.
Chronic hepatitis, dietotherapy, hepatoprotection, liver enzymes, fibrosis, metabolic syndrome, nutritional hygiene, antioxidants