“ISLAMIC ETHICS AMONG THE ABBASID CALIPHS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE STABILITY OF THE STATE IN THE FIRST ABBASID ERA (132-232 AH 750-847 AD)”. American Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences 25 (June 13, 2024): 80–86. Accessed October 5, 2025. https://americanjournal.org/index.php/ajrhss/article/view/2208.