American Journal of Pedagogical and Educational Research
American Journal of Pedagogical and Educational Research is an peer reviewed International, open access journal. This journal publishes the articles in the field of formal, Non formal education, Physical Education and Sports Science. Authors can submit original research for the double blind peer reviewed journal. ISSN (E): 2832-9791 JIF : 9.335
POSSIBILITIES OF USING MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN SOLVING PROBLEMS IN MECHANICS BASED ON MODELING
This article examines the role and importance of artificial intelligence technologies in solving mechanics problems using modeling methods. Modern approaches problems using machine learning, neural networks, and computer simulation are analyzed. The formation of practical skills among students the integration of artificial intelligence into the educational process, as well as the modeling of complex dynamic systems, are discussed. The research results demonstrate the positive impact of artificial intelligence on mechanics education.
Theoretical mechanics, artificial intelligence, modeling, machine learning, neural networks, computer simulation, engineering education.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
COMPARATIVE CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF IT TERMINOLOGY IN BRITISH ENGLISH AND UZBEK
This article examines the comparative linguistic characteristics of information technology terms in the British National Corpus and the Uzbek National Corpus. The study focuses on how IT-related lexical units are represented, adapted, and used in English and Uzbek corpus materials. Special attention is paid to frequency, borrowing, semantic adaptation, structural formation, and contextual usage of terms such as computer, software, internet, database, algorithm, platform, and their Uzbek equivalents or borrowed forms. The analysis shows that English IT terms are usually represented as native or internationally standardized technical units, while Uzbek IT terminology demonstrates a strong tendency toward borrowing, transliteration, hybrid formation, and gradual normalization.
Corpus linguistics, IT terms, British National Corpus, Uzbek National Corpus, terminology, borrowing, frequency analysis, comparative linguistics.
INTELLEGENT AUTOMATION IT OPERATION INTEGRATION OFAIOPS AND VOICE CONTROL SYSTEMS
The article examines modern directions of applying artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity. Key technologies of machine learning, neural networks, and intelligent data analysis used for threat detection, attack prevention, and incident response automation are analyzed. Particular attention is given to the advantages, limitations, and future prospects of AI-based solutions in the field of information security.
Artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, machine learning, intrusion detection, threat analysis.
EXPLORING THE APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL HISTORY
The study explores the application of technology in the pedagogical process of secondary school History, which is premised on the fact that technology has the ability to concretize knowledge of history when employed in the pedagogical process in history amongst students, especially those at the secondary school level of education. The study made use of secondary data for its exploration of the application of technology in the teaching and learning process, and on the strength of that, the study concludes that the benefits of technology usage in education and history in particular cannot be overemphasized as it makes for seamless teaching and transfer of from the instructor to the learners with regards to historical facts on cultural legacy, political growth, and societal development. The study suggested that the relevant authorities in the education sector like the government, civil societies and philanthropist should assist with the supply of technology and relevant historical data that will assist in the pedagogical process of history amongst learners.
Technology, History, Teaching, Learning, Culture, Education
THE EFFECTS OF TRADITIONAL THERAPY ON ATHLETES’ RECOVERY FROM INJURY IN BAMENDA NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON
This research sought to examine the effect of traditional therapy on athletes’ recovery from injury in Bamenda North West Region of Cameroon. Football athletes are susceptible to injuries due largely to the physical contact; overtraining and psychological demands for outstanding performance on the field of play. This study was conducted in Bamenda elite 1 and 2 teams; PWD, YOSA, Bafut Rangers Foncha Street and Bafmeng United. The research design used in this study was concurrent mixed method design. The population was divided in to both the target and accessible population of the study. The researcher used the purposive sampling technique to select players of each team with sampling size of 23 injured players to work with. Descriptively, the data was presented on tables, frequencies, means and percentages. Regression was used analyze quantitative data, content thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data results shows that traditional therapy has a significant effect on athlete’s recovery from injury at 0.01 level of significance and 14.5% of the variations in athletes’ recovery from injury can be accounted for by their use of traditional therapy such as herbal medicine leaves, herbal oil, and consulting traditional doctors for massage when injured. Result shows that traditional therapy has a significant effect on athlete’s recovery from injury at 0.01 level of significance and 8.6% of the variations in athletes’ recovery process from injuries can be explained by the use of massage therapy such as cold and hot water massages. The study made recommendations to the Ministry of Sports and Physical Education, the government should offer support and funding towards traditional therapy centers that specialize in treating sports- related injuries. Ensure that players receive prompt and appropriate treatment for their injuries to prevent further complications. All in all, it was found out that, traditional therapy helps athletes to recover from injury. For recommendations, to ministry of sports and physical education, the government should offer support and funding towards traditional therapy centers that specialize in treating sports- related injuries. For further studies, my research was a mixed method research, so, another researcher can conduct a purely quantitative study or purely qualitative study.
Traditional therapy, traditional therapy, athletes’ Recovery and Injury.
FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE: SYSTEMIC BARRIERS TO INTERNSHIP PARTICIPATION AND GRADUATE EMPLOYABILITY IN CAMEROONIAN HIGHER EDUCATION
Despite the widespread implementation of the Bachelor-Master-Doctorate (BMD) system in Cameroon designed to definitively professionalize higher education a profound paradox persists: exponential graduation rates are met with escalating graduate underemployment. While corporate discourse frequently attributes this to a "skills mismatch," this narrative obscures a deeper, systemic denial of Work-Integrated Learning (WIL).
Work-Integrated Learning (WIL), Graduate Employability, Massification, Higher Education in Cameroon, Signalling Theory, Experiential Learning
PRAGMATIC AND PERSUASIVE FUNCTIONS OF PUNCTUATION IN JOURNALISTIC DISCOURSE
This article examines the pragmatic and persuasive functions of punctuation in journalistic discourse. It explores how punctuation marks in newspaper and media texts operate not only as structural devices but also as communicative tools that influence reader interpretation, emotional framing, and ideological positioning. The study demonstrates that punctuation in media discourse plays a significant role in highlighting information, guiding inferential processes, and enhancing persuasive impact. Using qualitative discourse-analytic methods, the research reveals that punctuation contributes to the construction of meaning and the regulation of reader engagement in contemporary journalistic communication.
Punctuation, journalistic discourse, pragmatics, persuasion, media language, discourse analysis, emotional framing, communicative impact.
Aesthetic education is, first of all, the development of beauty, creative ability, and reflective thinking. Artistic education is essential for every individual regardless of their profession, as it contributes to the formation of personality. The richer a person’s aesthetic experience, the more refined their taste and the clearer their moral choices become, the freer they are as an individual. The study of the history of fine arts represents an introduction to universal heritage and culture. It is a vivid, understandable, and meaningful narrative — a bridge across centuries and nations. A teacher should care about the general humanitarian and artistic knowledge of students. The curriculum includes the main concepts of types and genres of fine arts, the principal stages of the history of Western European art from the ancient world to the modern era, the art of Eastern countries, and the art of Uzbekistan. While discussing the development of art both historically and within specific periods, the teacher should examine every artistic phenomenon in connection with the historical circumstances that shaped it. The methodology of instruction should be directed toward the development of creative abilities, knowledge, and emotional activity. The forms of classes may vary, including storytelling, debates, lectures, discussions, films, excursions, and others. Students learn to work with literature and develop the ability to independently analyze works of art. This curriculum defines the scope and content of knowledge while preserving the teacher’s right to organize the material creatively: rearranging topics, comparing works from different sections, and so forth. It is recommended that students record material in notebooks and supplement it with comments and independent work assignments. Notebooks should be checked regularly. During lessons, technical teaching aids should be widely used. Along with the general characteristics of artistic movements and styles, special attention should be given to the biographies of the most important artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, Titian, Albrecht Dürer, Caravaggio, Hieronymus Bosch, Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, Antoine Watteau, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Diego Velázquez, Nicolas Poussin, Francisco Goya, Eugène Delacroix, J. M. W. Turner, Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Vincent van Gogh, Henri Matisse, Alexander Ivanov, Orest Kiprensky, Ural Tansykbayev, Pavel Benkov, and Rahim Ahmedov.
Methodology, contrast, harmony, palette, pastel, coloristics.
ARTISTIC DETAIL IN THE PROSE OF SERGEI DOVLATOV: FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC ASPECTS
This article examines the functional and semantic role of artistic detail in the prose of Sergei Dovlatov, one of the most distinctive representatives of late Soviet and émigré literature. Dovlatov’s narrative style is characterized by brevity, irony, psychological precision, and a deliberate focus on seemingly insignificant details that acquire symbolic and semantic depth within the literary text. The study analyzes how artistic detail functions as a structural, psychological, and ideological element in Dovlatov’s prose. Using textual and contextual analysis, the article explores selected works including The Suitcase, Compromise, and The Zone. The findings demonstrate that artistic details in Dovlatov’s prose serve not merely descriptive purposes but become instruments of characterization, irony, emotional expression, and sociocultural commentary.
Sergei Dovlatov, artistic detail, prose analysis, semantic function, narrative style, Russian literature, irony, literary poetics
TRANSLATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LINGUISTIC AND PEDAGOGICAL TERMINOLOGY IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH ACADEMIC TEXTS
The translation of linguistic and pedagogical terminology plays an important role in ensuring effective academic communication between languages and cultures. This study examines the translation characteristics of linguistic and pedagogical terms in Uzbek and English academic texts. The research purposes to identify major translation strategies, semantic challenges, and linguistic differences that impact the accuracy and clarity of translated terminology. Using qualitative comparative analysis, several academic texts in the fields of linguistics and pedagogy were analyzed. The findings demonstrate that terminological equivalence, contextual adaptation, and cultural specificity are the main factors affecting translation quality. The study also reveals that direct translation is not always sufficient because many pedagogical and linguistic concepts contain culture-bound meanings. The article highlights the importance of professional competence, contextual understanding, and terminological consistency in academic translation.
Translation, linguistic terminology, pedagogical terminology, academic texts, Uzbek language, English language, translation strategies
PLANNING OF PROBLEM-BASED LESSONS AND EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM IN PHYSICS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
This article analyzes the methodology for planning and conducting problem-activity lessons in physics and the structure of the experimental system in school physics. The seven stages of a problem-activity lesson - from creating a problem situation through consolidation of new knowledge and reflection - are presented in detail. Four types of school physics experiments are classified: demonstration experiments, frontal laboratory work, physics practical sessions, and extracurricular experiments and observations - with identification of their didactic functions.
Problem-activity lesson, experimental-activity model, demonstration experiment, frontal laboratory work, physics practical session, lesson map, reflection, problem situation, hypothesis.
RETHINKING CONNECTION AMONGST PARENTING STYLES, SELF-WORTH AND STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOUR IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
The study investigates the relationship between students' behaviour at tertiary institutions, parenting style, and self-worth. The study is predicated on the idea that parenting style is a collection of attitudes based on how parents communicate and feel about their kids. Additionally, it was shown that self-worth has no correlation with permissive parenting but is favorably correlated with authoritative parenting and negatively correlated with authoritarian parenting. In order to enhance children's behavior and well-being, this article suggests that government agencies and policymakers include organized parenting education into national and local development initiatives.
Parenting Styles, Self-Worth, Authoritarian, Permissive, Adolescents
DETERMINING LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE IN CLIL EDUCATION: DEVELOPING A SYSTEM OF CRITERIA AND INDICATORS
This study aims to develop a system of criteria and indicators for identifying and assessing students' linguistic competence within the framework of the CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) approach. In the context of modern integrative education, the inextricable link between language and content complicates the assessment process, which indicates the inadequacy of traditional assessment approaches. Therefore, the study systematically analyzes the main components of linguistic competence - lexical, grammatical, phonological, discursive and pragmatic competencies. The research methodology uses theoretical analysis, componentization, modeling and empirical observation methods. As a result, a system of assessment criteria and indicators is developed that is suitable for the CLIL environment, accurate and focused on practical application. This system allows for a comprehensive assessment of students' language knowledge not only in terms of grammatical accuracy, but also in terms of their ability to use it in a communicative and academic context. The developed system of criteria and indicators increases the objectivity of the assessment process, serves to more deeply identify students' language skills, and ensures the effectiveness of education in CLIL classes. This approach also allows teachers to monitor the dynamics of individual student development and adjust the educational process.
CLIL, linguistic competence, academic language, assessment criteria, assessment indicators, integrative education, foreign language teaching, monitoring and diagnostics.
LEXICAL BORROWINGS FROM TURKIC AND PERSIAN LANGUAGES IN EMBASSY BOOKS ON RUSSIA'S RELATIONS WITH KHIVA AND BUKHARA IN THE 17TH CENTURY: SOURCE STUDIES AND LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECTS
The article presents a comprehensive linguistic analysis of lexical borrowings from Turkic (turki) and Persian (farsi) languages recorded in unpublished embassy books on Russia's relations with Khiva (1670–1673, 1682–1684) and Bukhara (1669–1675), stored in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). The study is conducted within the framework of linguistic source studies and cultural linguistics. Based on extensive factual material (more than 400 lexical units of Eastern origin), thematic groups of borrowings are identified, and mechanisms of their phonetic and morphological adaptation in Russian business texts are described. It is established that Eastern vocabulary in embassy books reflects the realities of the diplomatic, commercial and cultural life of the Central Asian–Russian intercultural space of the 17th century. A number of lexical units not recorded in historical dictionaries of the Russian language have been introduced into scientific circulation. The results obtained make a significant contribution to historical lexicology, contact linguistics, and linguistic source studies.
Embassy books, lexical borrowings, turki, farsi, Russian language of the 17th century, linguistic source studies, cultural linguistics, historical lexicology, Embassy Prikaz, official writing
ANTONYM-BASED INTERJECTIONAL AND MODAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ENGLISH, UZBEK, AND RUSSIAN: A COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
This article examines phraseological units that incorporate antonymic components in English, Uzbek, and Russian, with a particular focus on their interjectional and modal functions. Rather than treating antonymy as a simple lexical contrast, the study approaches it as a dynamic mechanism that contributes to meaning extension, emotional intensity, and speaker stance. Drawing on comparative and qualitative analysis, the paper demonstrates that antonymic pairs within fixed expressions tend to lose their literal opposition and develop unified, often abstract meanings. At the same time, the study reveals both shared tendencies across languages and distinct language-specific patterns shaped by structural and cultural factors.
Phraseology, antonymy, modality, interjection, contrastive linguistics, cognitive semantics
ENANTIOSEMY: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR A LINGUOCULTURAL INTERPRETATION
This article examines enantiosemy as a phenomenon in which a single lexical unit develops opposing meanings across different contexts. Rather than treating enantiosemy as an isolated irregularity, the study approaches it as part of broader processes of meaning construction shaped by cognitive, structural, and pragmatic factors. The analysis is based on two comparable corpora of English and Uzbek, each consisting of approximately one million tokens and covering both formal and informal discourse. The findings show that enantiosemy is not random, but emerges through systematic mechanisms such as metaphorical extension, contextual reinterpretation, and shifts in pragmatic focus. While both languages rely on similar cognitive processes, their structural organization leads to different patterns of realization. English data demonstrate a predominance of lexical enantiosemy, whereas Uzbek exhibits a greater reliance on phraseological and morphologically conditioned forms. The study argues that semantic polarity should be understood as a context-sensitive and dynamically constructed phenomenon rather than a fixed lexical property. These results contribute to ongoing discussions in cognitive semantics and offer practical implications for translation, where meaning interpretation depends heavily on discourse context.
Enantiosemy, contronym, semantic opposition, polysemy, cognitive linguistics, corpus analysis, discourse context, pragmatic shift, English, Uzbek.
EMOTIONAL AND EXPRESSIVE IMPACT FEATURES OF ABBREVIATED UNITS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This article analyzes the emotional and expressive potential of abbreviated units in English and Uzbek. The study examines the pragmatic functions of abbreviations (abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms) in speech, their communicative effectiveness, and their stylistic load. The results show that in both languages, abbreviations serve not only to convey information concisely but also to enliven speech, add emotional coloring, and influence the audience.
Abbreviated units, emotionality, expressiveness, linguopragmatics, stylistics, discourse
PAIR AND GROUP WORK AS EFFECTIVE TOOLS FOR IMPROVING SPEAKING FLUENCY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING
This article examines the pedagogical effectiveness of pair and group work in enhancing speaking fluency in English language learning contexts. Drawing on communicative language teaching, sociocultural theory, and interactionist perspectives, the study explores how collaborative classroom interaction contributes to the development of oral fluency, communicative confidence, and discourse competence. Particular attention is given to the role of meaningful peer interaction, negotiation of meaning, and task-based communication in promoting spontaneous language production. Through qualitative and classroom-based analysis supported by relevant research, the paper argues that pair and group work function not merely as classroom techniques but as essential mechanisms for fostering communicative development. Findings indicate that structured collaborative speaking activities significantly improve learners’ fluency by increasing interactional opportunities, reducing affective barriers, and facilitating authentic language use.
Speaking fluency, pair work, group work, communicative language teaching, collaborative learning, EFL interaction.
POETIC-SEMANTIC FUNCTIONS OF FLOWER NAMES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK FICTION: A COMPARATIVE LINGUOCULTURAL STUDY
This article investigates the poetic-semantic functions of flower names in English and Uzbek fiction through comparative, linguocultural and cognitive analysis. The study focuses on the symbolic, metaphorical, aesthetic and conceptual roles of floronyms in literary discourse. Drawing on examples from English and Uzbek poetry and prose, the paper argues that flower names function not simply as lexical nominations but as culturally and conceptually loaded poetic signs. The analysis reveals both universal symbolic patterns and nationally specific semantic features embedded in floral imagery. The findings contribute to comparative linguistics, linguistic poetics and conceptual studies by demonstrating how floronyms participate in the representation of artistic worldview.
Floronyms, poetic semantics, symbolism, literary discourse, metaphor, linguoculturology, cognitive poetics, flower imagery, comparative linguistics, fiction.
PHRASEOLOGICAL EQUIVALENCE IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This article provides a comprehensive comparative-typological analysis of phraseological equivalence between English and Uzbek. Within the framework of the modern anthropocentric paradigm, phraseological units (PUs) are examined as linguistic mirrors reflecting national mentalities and cultural values. The study categorizes a targeted corpus of 20 idiomatic expressions into three hierarchical levels: full, partial, and zero equivalence. By analyzing contextual examples extracted from authentic English and Uzbek literary sources, the research explores how universal human logic and specific national realia shape the linguistic picture of the world.
Phraseology, equivalence, English, Uzbek, linguoculturology, anthropocentric paradigm, national realia, metaphors.
LINGUACULTURAL FEATURES OF GASTRONOMIC METAPHORS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: A COGNITIVE AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
This study explores the linguacultural features of gastronomic metaphors in the English language from the perspectives of conceptual metaphor theory and cultural linguistics. Gastronomic metaphors constitute a cognitively grounded and culturally embedded domain through which abstract concepts are structured and evaluated. The research aims to identify dominant conceptual mappings between the source domain of gastronomy and various target domains such as emotions, morality, intellect, social hierarchy, and interpersonal relations. The methodology combines qualitative semantic analysis, discourse-contextual interpretation, and linguacultural modeling. The empirical data include 200 metaphorical expressions extracted from literary texts, journalistic discourse, and spoken corpora of contemporary British and American English. The findings demonstrate that gastronomic metaphors are organized around systematic conceptual models (e.g., EMOTIONS ARE TASTES, IDEAS ARE FOOD, SOCIAL VALUE IS INGREDIENT). While grounded in embodied experience, these metaphors are shaped by historically and culturally specific Anglo-American traditions. The study contributes to cognitive linguistics and linguaculture studies by highlighting gastronomy as a culturally marked semantic field reflecting the English linguistic worldview.
Gastronomic metaphor, linguaculture, conceptual metaphor theory, embodied cognition, cultural semantics, English worldview.
IMPACT OF BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS’ APPLICATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
This study examined the impact of Business Education students’ application of instructional resources on academic performance in tertiary institutions. It was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey as the design for the study. The population of the study comprised Business Education respondents from the 2024/2025 academic session in public tertiary institutions offering Business Education programme. Two hundred and twenty-seven (227) undergraduate Business Education students were the sample size for the study. Findings of the study revealed amongst others that there is a significant positive correlation between the availability of instructional resources and Business Education student’s performance in tertiary institutions. The study concluded and recommended that instructional resources as a vital ingredient, should be made available to student and employed in the pedagogical process as it is capable of enhancing students’ performance.
Instructional Resources, Business Education, Gender, Students, Tertiary Institution
THE EXPRESSION OF EUPHEMISMS IN THE TRANSLATION OF PUBLICISTIC TEXTS
This article analyzes the specific features of expressing euphemisms in the translation of publicistic texts. Euphemisms used in publicistic style are closely related to social, political, and cultural factors, and maintaining semantic accuracy and stylistic appropriateness in the translation process is of great importance. The study examines the semantic and pragmatic aspects of euphemisms, as well as the main strategies used in their translation. Based on examples, methods such as direct translation, adaptation, and explanation are analyzed. As a result, it is substantiated that the proper rendering of euphemisms in the translation of publicistic texts is an important factor in improving translation quality.
Euphemism, publicistic text, translation, pragmatics, semantics, translation strategies, style, functional equivalence.
REQUIREMENTS FOR A SOFTWARE MODEL THAT DEVELOPS STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT LEARNING COMPETENCE
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the requirements for a software model aimed at developing students’ independent learning competence. The increasing importance of independent learning in the modern education system is substantiated, and issues related to the effective organization of students’ activities through a digital learning environment are discussed. The article identifies constructivism, the competency-based approach, and adaptive learning principles as the pedagogical foundations of the improved software model. In addition, the functional capabilities of the model are clarified, including personalization, self-monitoring, prompt feedback, and requirements for an Uzbek-language interface. From a technical perspective, important aspects such as web architecture, mobile adaptability, database systems, and information security are examined. As a result, an integrated software environment model is proposed that supports the stages of independent learning, including motivation, planning, implementation, assessment, and reflection.
Independent learning competence, software model, digital learning environment, constructivism, competency-based approach, adaptive learning, personalization, self-monitoring, feedback, reflection, credit-module system, higher education.
THE LINGUOPOETICS OF RURAL MEMORY AND MORAL LANDSCAPE IN RUSSIAN PROSE
The present article examines rural memory as a linguopoetic and cultural category in Russian prose and argues that the image of the village in Russian literature should be interpreted not merely as a thematic or ethnographic layer, but as a complex semiotic system in which language, moral evaluation, cultural memory, and historical self-consciousness interact. The study is based on a comparative analysis of selected Russian prose texts associated with the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, with special attention to works by Valentin Rasputin, Viktor Astafyev, Guzel Yakhina, and Evgeny Vodolazkin, whose narratives reveal different yet interconnected models of representing land, labor, kinship, speech, and loss. Methodologically, the article combines linguostylistic analysis, narratology, semantic field analysis, discourse analysis, and the theory of cultural memory, which makes it possible to examine both lexical and syntactic organization and deeper symbolic mechanisms through which rural space becomes a bearer of ethical and civilizational meaning. The results show that rural memory in Russian prose is constructed through recurrent lexical clusters related to house, earth, water, bread, road, labor, and kinship; through a specific distribution of narrative voices; through temporal structures that connect biography with collective history; and through moral oppositions embedded in everyday speech. The discussion demonstrates that rural discourse in Russian prose remains productive because it condenses key questions of Russian literary anthropology: the relation between man and land, the fragility of communal solidarity, the ethics of memory, and the crisis of modernity. The article concludes that the linguopoetic study of rural memory provides an effective interdisciplinary model for Russian language and literature research, because it reveals how aesthetic form transforms social experience into durable cultural meaning and how linguistic choices shape literary representations of national identity, historical trauma, and moral continuity.
Russian prose, linguopoetics, rural memory, cultural identity, narrative ethics, moral landscape, stylistics, cultural memory, Russian literature, discourse analysis
THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF THE TIRMIDHIS: THE IMPORTANCE OF JUSTICE IN STRENGTHENING YOUTH IDEOLOGY
This article thoroughly examines the essence and meaning of the concept of justice in the scholarly and spiritual heritage of great thinkers who emerged from the land of Termez – particularly Imam Tirmidhi and Hakim Tirmidhi. The study analyzes, based on the Holy Qur’an, the role of justice within the Islamic ethical system, as well as its significance in human development, spiritual education, and societal stability. Furthermore, it provides a scholarly justification of how justice manifests not only as a socio-legal principle but also as an inner spiritual and moral virtue, and highlights the priority aspects of cultivating it in the upbringing of youth.
Tirmidhi scholars, justice, spiritual education, human development, societal stability, Islamic teachings, the Holy Qur’an, Imam Tirmidhi, Hakim Tirmidhi, moral values.
PEDAGOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS' SPEECH COMMUNICATION BASED ON ASSOCIATIVE THINKING
This article analyzes the pedagogical mechanisms for the development of speech communication in students based on associative thinking from a theoretical and practical perspective. In the course of the research, pedagogical mechanisms (motivational, cognitive, active and reflexive) serving the development of speech communication were identified, based on associative thinking as an important psychological basis of speech activity. The results of experimental and test work showed that the developed mechanisms are effective in increasing students' speech activity, vocabulary and communication culture.
Speech communication, associative thinking, pedagogical mechanisms, communicative competence, speech activity, interactive methods.
APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL EXPERIMENTS IN MODELING AS A STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS' COGNITIVE ACTIVITY
This article examines problem-based instruction as a primary pedagogical strategy for developing and sustaining students’ cognitive activity. The general and specialized functions of problem-based learning are analyzed, and its sequential stages are described. The study investigates techniques for constructing problem situations, the psychological paradoxes inherent in the thinking process, and the mechanisms through which learners solve cognitive problems. Special attention is given to the role of hypothesis formation, group discussion, and reflective practice in deepening conceptual understanding. The findings confirm that problem-based instruction, when systematically implemented, significantly enhances students’ intellectual independence, scientific thinking, and creative competencies.
Problem-based instruction, cognitive activity, problem situation, hypothesis, thinking process, research activity, intellectual independence, activity theory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eshtemirov Akhror Nurmakhmatovich https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
WORLD EDUCATION SYSTEM AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN PEDAGOGY: GLOBAL INTEGRATION AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES
This article analyzes the development trends of the global education system and the science of pedagogy in the 20th–21st centuries. In particular, modern pedagogical approaches, models of education systems, and the significance of global educational projects in Western Europe, the USA, Russia, and CIS countries are highlighted. In addition, the ideas of reformist pedagogy and their impact on modern education are examined on a scientific basis.
Education system, pedagogy, global education, integration, reformist pedagogy, innovation, competence, UNESCO
HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL FORMATION OF NATIONAL COSTUMES AND THEIR ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC ESSENCE
This article analyzes the process of historical and cultural formation of national costumes, their inextricable connection with the life, customs, and traditions of the people. It also highlights the changes that have occurred in national costumes in different periods, their regional characteristics, and their artistic and aesthetic essence. The spiritual and symbolic meaning of national costumes expressed in terms of color, ornamentation, fabric, and shape is revealed, and their significance today and their place in modern design are examined. The article also pays special attention to the issues of preserving national heritage and passing it on to the younger generation.
National costume, historical development, cultural heritage, artistic and aesthetic essence, traditional clothing, decorative arts, color symbolism, folk customs, regional characteristics, modern design.