American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking
American Journal of Business Management, Economics, and Banking is a peer-reviewed international, open-access journal. This journal publishes articles in Economics, Business Management, Banking, and Accounting. Authors can submit original research for the double-blind peer-reviewed journal. ISSN (E): 2832-8078 JIF 2024: 8.960
SERVICE QUALITY AND VISITORS' BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION IN ECO-TOURISM DESTINATIONS IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
This study examined the relationship between service quality and visitors' behavioural intention at selected eco-tourism destinations in South-South Nigeria, specifically Obudu Mountain Resort, Cross River State, and Finima Nature Park, Rivers State. Anchored on the Expectancy Disconfirmation Paradigm, the study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Three dimensions of service quality (tangibility, responsiveness, and reliability) were examined as predictors of visitors' behavioural intention. A structured questionnaire employing a 4-point Likert scale was administered to a sample of 213 visitors across both destinations, drawn using convenience sampling. Of the questionnaires distributed, 200 were retrieved and analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient via SPSS version 25. Reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach's Alpha, with coefficients ranging from 0.71 to 0.81. Findings revealed significant positive relationships between all three dimensions of service quality and visitors' behavioural intention. Tangibility recorded the strongest association, followed by responsiveness and reliability. The study concludes that enhancing the physical environment, staff responsiveness, and service consistency at eco-tourism sites is essential for sustaining positive visitor behavioural intentions. Recommendations include investment in physical infrastructure, targeted staff training, and robust service delivery frameworks tailored to the eco-tourism context.
Behavioural Intention, Eco-Tourism, Reliability, Responsiveness, Service Quality, South-South Nigeria, Tangibility
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
AUDIT OF ACCOUNTS PAYABLE: INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES, RISKS, AND IMPROVEMENT DIRECTIONS
The audit of accounts payable is considered one of the most important areas of modern auditing because accounts payable directly influence the liquidity, financial stability, and reliability of corporate financial reporting. In the context of globalization, increasing business transactions, and expanding credit relationships, enterprises face significant risks associated with the recognition, valuation, and disclosure of liabilities. This article investigates theoretical and practical issues related to the audit of accounts payable based on International Standards on Auditing (ISA) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The study examines the international and national relevance of accounts payable auditing using statistical indicators and analytical data. Furthermore, the literature review summarizes the scientific views of foreign and local scholars regarding the methodology and significance of accounts payable auditing. The analysis and results section evaluates current auditing procedures, risk-oriented audit approaches, analytical procedures, and digital technologies used in accounts payable auditing. Particular attention is paid to detecting hidden liabilities, preventing fraudulent reporting, and improving internal control mechanisms. The study concludes that improving accounts payable auditing contributes to enhancing the reliability of financial statements, strengthening investor confidence, and ensuring effective corporate governance. The findings of this research may serve as a scientific and methodological basis for auditors, accounting specialists, researchers, and higher educational institutions in improving liability auditing methodologies under modern economic conditions.
Accounts payable audit, liabilities, audit risk, financial reporting, internal control, IFRS, ISA, corporate governance, audit evidence.
THE ASYMMETRIC RESILIENCE OF GREEN BONDS: RECONCILING GEOPOLITICAL VULNERABILITY WITH CORPORATE VALUE CREATION
The rapid expansion of green bonds positions sustainable finance at the core of climate mitigation strategies. However, empirical evidence on their crisis resilience and corporate value effects remains contradictory. This study synthesizes 73 peer-reviewed articles using meta-analytical methods (random-effects models, FAT-PET, PEESE) to resolve these discrepancies. We propose and test the Asymmetric Shock Resilience Hypothesis: green bonds exhibit diametrically opposite behaviors depending on shock origin. During financial or health crises (e.g., COVID-19), they act as safe havens, shielded by concentrated institutional ownership (Herfindahl-Hirschman Index = 0.28 vs. 0.15 for conventional bonds). Conversely, during geopolitical risk (GPR) episodes (e.g., Ukraine war), green bonds demonstrate severe vulnerability, with negative return shocks absent in conventional markets. At the corporate level, global average financial effects are negligible (μ = -0.005, p = 0.225), but this masks strong moderation: developed markets exhibit a significant "greenium" (lower cost of capital), while emerging markets (e.g., China) show negative post-issuance effects (μ = -0.041) due to prohibitive certification costs. We conclude that the greenium is not a static advantage but a contingent premium dependent on systemic stability and market maturity.
Green Bonds; Geopolitical Risk; Asymmetric Resilience; Corporate Value; Meta-Analysis.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF IMPLEMENTING DIGITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES IN ENTERPRISES
This article examines the economic impact of implementing Digital Management systems on the innovative development processes of enterprises. The rapid advancement of Industry 4.0 technologies, including artificial intelligence, Big Data, and cloud computing, is reshaping modern management mechanisms and transforming business operations worldwide. Based on the scientific views of both foreign and domestic scholars, the study analyzes the influence of digital management systems on enterprises' innovation activity, labor productivity, and competitiveness. The findings indicate that the implementation of digital management systems contributes significantly to enhancing the level of innovative development, reducing operational costs, and creating new market opportunities for enterprises. Furthermore, the article proposes scientific and practical recommendations aimed at improving digital management practices and accelerating innovative growth in business organizations.
Digital Management, digital transformation, innovative development, digital economy, ERP systems, Big Data, artificial intelligence, cloud technologies, enterprise efficiency, innovation activity, labor productivity, Uzbekistan–2030 Strategy.
CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN THE INTEGRATION OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING: STRATEGIC MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING FINANCIAL STATEMENT RELIABILITY
The integration of accounting and auditing processes is fundamental to maintaining the integrity of global financial markets. However, the rapid digitalization of finance functions and the increasing complexity of regulatory frameworks have created significant friction between how accounting data is generated and how it is audited. This paper explores the contemporary challenges in harmonizing these two disciplines, emphasizing the technological asymmetry, data integration bottlenecks, and the persistent expectation gap. Utilizing the latest 2024–2025 statistical data from the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), and global Big Four surveys, this study highlights the urgent need for strategic mechanisms to ensure financial statement reliability. The findings suggest that transitioning from traditional retrospective auditing to continuous assurance models, powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and blockchain technology, can significantly mitigate the risk of financial misstatements and reduce audit deficiency rates.
Financial Statement Reliability, Continuous Auditing, Accounting Integration, Audit Deficiency, Artificial Intelligence, Fraud Detection, IFRS.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN IMPROVING THE MECHANISM OF FINANCING ECONOMIC ENTITIES
This at work economy driver subjects financing mechanism improvement theoretical and practical aspects and this in process international of experience place studied. Research during enterprises financing sources diversification, state and private sector partnership, bank loans, venture capital, crowdfunding and state guarantee funds such as financial of instruments efficiency analysis It has also been developed and developing in the countries used financing models between differences and their national to the economy adaptation opportunities seeing Research as a result economy driver of subjects financial stability increase, investment activity reinforcement and economic efficiency to provide aimed at scientific and practical offers working This is a approaches of enterprises competitiveness increase and in the economy stable to grow to provide service does.
Economy driver entities, financing mechanism, international experience, investment, bank loan, venture capital, crowdfunding, state guarantee fund, financial stability, investment activity, digital financing, economic efficiency, financial resources, public-private partnership.
IMPRОVING THE MECHАNISMS FОR ENHАNCING THE EFFICIENCY ОF INTEGRАTIОN BETWEEN THE ENTREPRENEURIАL ENVIRОNMENT АND PОPULАTIОN WELFАRE
This аrticle аnаlyzes the interrelаtiоnship between the entrepreneuriаl envirоnment аnd pоpulаtiоn welfаre, аs well аs mechаnisms fоr imprоving the efficiency оf their integrаtiоn. Within the frаmewоrk оf the study, the wаys оf increаsing pоpulаtiоn incоme, ensuring emplоyment, аnd аchieving sоciо-ecоnоmic stаbility thrоugh the develоpment оf entrepreneurship аre exаmined. Furthermоre, scientificаlly grоunded prоpоsаls fоr imprоving this prоcess hаve been develоped.
Entrepreneuriаl envirоnment, pоpulаtiоn welfаre, integrаtiоn, efficiency, mechаnism, emplоyment, incоme.
REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
This article discusses approaches to the assessment of human capital. Drawing on international research experience, a standard international assessment methodology, and regional statistical data, a methodology for assessing human capital of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the regional level is proposed. Based on the author's methodology, the human capital of the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan is evaluated.
human capital, human capital index, education, healthcare, standard of living
THE ROLE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENSURING SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH
Modern technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) play a decisive role in economic development, transforming key industries and increasing the efficiency of production and management processes. This article analyzes the impact of AI on the global threat, the key main areas of its application, and also considers the challenges and forecasts associated with its implementation. The study is based on a literature review, as well as an analysis of data on the impact of AI on economic development in various countries and industries.
Artificial intelligence, technology, economy, productivity, innovation.
MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION AND ITS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT ACTIVITY: EVIDENCE FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES
This article analyzes the impact of monetary policy transmission mechanisms on investment activity in developing economies. The study examines the effects of the central bank’s interest rate, money supply, inflation rate, and credit volume on investment activity. In addition, the processes through which monetary policy is transmitted to the economy via the interest rate channel, credit channel, and exchange rate channel are discussed from both theoretical and empirical perspectives.
Monetary policy, transmission mechanism, investment activity, interest rate, inflation, credit channel, developing economies
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the impact of financial resources on the quality of economic growth using the example of Uzbekistan. In the current environment, although many developing countries are achieving high rates of economic growth, the issue of improving its quality is becoming increasingly urgent. From this point of view, the issues of effective distribution and rational use of financial resources - investments, bank loans, government spending and foreign direct investment - are studied. At the same time, it was found that not all types of financial resources affect the quality of economic growth to the same extent. This indicates the need to improve the efficiency of financial resource management and institutional factors. Based on the results of the study, practical proposals were developed aimed at the targeted allocation of financial resources, increasing financial inclusion, and ensuring sustainable economic growth.
Quality of economic growth, GDP dynamics, financial resources, investment structure, GDP per capita, cross-sectoral balance, digital transformation, systemic analysis.
MODERN PROSPECTS FOR FINANCING THE MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASE OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
This article examines modern prospects for financing the material and technical base of higher education institutions through a comparative analysis of official international datasets, national policy documents, and peer-reviewed literature. The study focuses on how systems fund laboratories, digital infrastructure, capital facilities, and research platforms. Evidence indicates that sustainable financing requires a blended structure combining core public funding, weighted allocation formulas, targeted capital grants, competitive project finance, moderate performance-based funding, and carefully governed revenue diversification. Cross-regional comparison demonstrates that public-dominant systems retain stronger baseline infrastructure security, while mixed public-private systems achieve higher spending but face volatility risks. Uzbekistan’s PF-58 reform package is examined as a significant example of explicit infrastructure-linked financing. The article concludes that the material and technical base should be financed through a portfolio model based on adequacy, transparency, full-cost logic, and lifecycle asset management.
Higher education finance; capital funding; university infrastructure; performance-based funding; formula funding; public-private partnership; digital infrastructure; Central Asia; Uzbekistan; PF-58
Lecturer, "Silk Road" International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage
At the present time, one of the most pressing scientific problems in the practice of auditing is to eliminate a number of problems that need to be solved in the process of reviewing, conducting and generalizing the results of audits, improving their theoretical and methodological foundations. These are, firstly, the inability to apply the rules and regulations on accounting and auditing activities to the level of requirements in audit practice, secondly, the insufficient study of the methodological aspects of the organization and conduct of the audit, thirdly, the inability to generalize and formalize the results of the audit in the audit work in accordance with the current requirements, and secondly, the risk of auditing, the lack of transparency On the other hand, such situations as the definition of indicators of the quality of audit work and the effectiveness of audit organizations and the method of its assessment are not developed at the level of modern requirements..
Focusing on the scientific research carried out in our review, the issue of solving the problems of the past, the planning pressures of auditing, in particular the improvement of the preliminary planning methodology, has not been discussed in detail as a whole, holistic scientific work so far. The expanding concept of auditing, and the shortage of fundamental research in this field, has led to the need for scientifically based reviews to improve the initial planning process, defining the relevance and significance of preliminary planning processes. Elimination of the above-mentioned existing cases determines the relevance of this article and the priority areas of scientific research, requires an in-depth study of scientific problems aimed at improving the preliminary planning procedures of audits conducted in our country.
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON FACTORS AFFECTING THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: THE CASE OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES
The rapid expansion of private higher education institutions (PHEIs) across emerging and developing economies has intensified concerns regarding their long-term financial stability. Unlike public universities that often receive substantial state support, private universities largely depend on tuition fees and market-based revenue structures, making them vulnerable to demographic shifts, economic crises, regulatory uncertainty, and competitive pressures. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of factors affecting the financial stability of higher education institutions, with a particular focus on private universities. Using the PRISMA methodology, peer-reviewed studies indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and related academic databases between 2005 and 2025 were analyzed. The review synthesizes major determinants influencing institutional financial sustainability, including revenue diversification, enrollment dependency, governance quality, digital transformation, regulatory frameworks, endowment development, strategic management, academic quality, internationalization, and risk management practices. The findings reveal that financial stability in private universities is multidimensional and strongly associated with institutional adaptability, strategic diversification, and governance effectiveness. The review also identifies substantial research gaps in emerging economies, especially regarding financial resilience modeling, liquidity risk management, and long-term capital sustainability mechanisms. A conceptual framework integrating internal and external determinants of financial stability is proposed. The study contributes to higher education finance literature by consolidating fragmented evidence into a comprehensive analytical structure suitable for policymakers, university managers, and researchers.
Financial stability, higher education institutions, private universities, systematic literature review, PRISMA, higher education finance, institutional sustainability.
GREEN FINANCING OPPORTUNITIES IN WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS: INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES AND PROSPECTS FOR UZBEKISTAN
Water supply infrastructure is increasingly under pressure due to climate change, rapid urbanization, and rising demand for clean water. Traditional public financing sources are often insufficient to support large-scale modernization of water systems, especially in emerging economies. In response, green finance has emerged as a strategic tool for mobilizing capital toward environmentally sustainable infrastructure development.This paper analyzes green financing opportunities in water supply infrastructure projects, focusing on international practices and their applicability to Uzbekistan. The study examines key instruments such as green bonds, climate funds, blended finance mechanisms, and public-private partnerships. It also evaluates the role of international financial institutions in supporting sustainable water infrastructure. Using a comparative analytical approach, the research identifies existing gaps in financing mechanisms and proposes policy directions for improving green investment flows in Uzbekistan’s water sector. The findings indicate that expanding green financial instruments can enhance infrastructure efficiency, reduce environmental risks, and improve long-term water security.
Green finance, water infrastructure, sustainable development, climate finance, green bonds, PPP, Uzbekistan.
STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND SCENARIO-BASED FORECASTING OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN KASHKADARYA REGION, UZBEKISTAN: A SYSTEM GMM
This article develops and evaluates three structural transformation scenarios - inertial, reform, and innovation - for Kashkadarya Region's industrial sector over the 2025–2030 horizon, based on System GMM dynamic panel estimates and integrated scenario analysis. The empirical model, estimated on panel data from 148 enterprises (2018–2023), identifies digitalisation investment, export activity, cluster policy participation, and energy efficiency as statistically significant determinants of total factor productivity. The innovation scenario, premised on full implementation of the proposed structural optimisation mechanism, projects industrial output growth from UZS 18,400 billion (2024) to UZS 42,000 billion (2030), a reduction of the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index from 2,840 to 1,450, and an increase in the IT sector share from 2.3% to 8.6%. A KPI monitoring system and risk matrix provide an adaptive governance framework for scenario implementation.
Structural transformation, scenario analysis, System GMM, HHI, KPI monitoring, industrial policy, Kashkadarya Region, Uzbekistan.
THE INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF COMMERCIAL BANKS AND ITS ROLE IN ECONOMIC GROWTH
This article examines the investment potential of commercial banks and its role in ensuring sustainable economic growth. Commercial banks are among the most important financial institutions in the economy, as they mobilize savings, transform them into investment resources, and allocate capital to productive sectors. The study analyzes the influence of capital adequacy, credit portfolio growth, asset quality, profitability, liquidity, and digital banking development on the investment capacity of commercial banks. The research is based on the IMRAD structure and applies descriptive statistical analysis, comparative analysis, trend analysis, and CAMELS-based evaluation. The results show that the strengthening of capital adequacy, expansion of credit portfolios, reduction of non-performing loans, improvement of profitability indicators, and rapid development of digital banking services increase the role of commercial banks as drivers of economic growth. The study concludes that the investment potential of commercial banks is an important factor in capital accumulation, financial intermediation, private sector development, and long-term macroeconomic stability.
Commercial banks, investment potential, economic growth, financial intermediation, credit portfolio, capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loans, CAMELS framework, digital banking, financial stability.
MODERN MECHANISMS FOR ENHANCING THE INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
This article comprehensively examines modern mechanisms for enhancing the investment attractiveness of commercial banks, factors stimulating investment activity within the banking system, and directions for ensuring financial stability. The study analyzes the impact of capital adequacy, asset quality, profitability, liquidity indicators, digital banking services, and corporate governance systems on the investment attractiveness of commercial banks. Furthermore, based on international banking practices and the experience of developed countries, scientific and practical recommendations aimed at strengthening the investment potential of commercial banks in Uzbekistan are proposed. The research substantiates mechanisms designed to reduce investment risks, strengthen investor confidence, and improve the competitiveness of banks in international financial markets.
Commercial banks, investment attractiveness, investment activity, banking system, capital adequacy, financial stability, corporate governance, digital transformation, fintech technologies.
THE CONCEPT OF BANK CREDIT AND ITS MODERN DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
This article analyzes the evolution of bank lending in the context of global digitalization and the transition to sustainable development. The study examines the shift from traditional creditworthiness assessment methods to modern models based on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and ESG principles. Based on a chronological analysis for the period 2010–2025, the key stages of the credit market transformation are identified, including the impact of the pandemic as a catalyst for digital change. Special attention is paid to the implementation of "green" loans and the automation of decision-making processes. The article concludes with practical recommendations for improving algorithmic models and harmonizing international regulatory standards.
Bank credit, digital transformation, artificial intelligence, ESG principles, Basel III/IV, fintech, credit risk, financial inclusion, sustainable finance, open banking.
STRATEGIC ENHANCEMENT OF FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN MODERN ENTERPRISES
This article is dedicated to the issues of improving the financial risk management system in modern enterprises. The research analyzes the role of digital technologies, predictive analytics, and internal control mechanisms in ensuring financial stability. The article proposes strategies for transitioning from traditional approaches to a proactive and integrated risk management system, highlighting the interconnection between mathematical models and corporate governance culture.
Financial risk, risk management, liquidity, predictive analytics, internal control, corporate governance, digital transformation.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING THE PAYMENT SYSTEM IN TAX ADMINISTRATION
This article examines the current state and future opportunities for improving the tax payment system through digital transformation and technological integration. The research analyzes the transition from traditional, manual-based tax administration to modern "Tax Administration 3.0" frameworks, emphasizing the role of real-time data processing, API-based banking integrations, and artificial intelligence in reducing the tax gap. By utilizing comparative analysis and longitudinal data, the study identifies that the digitalization of tax services significantly lowers compliance costs for businesses while enhancing state revenue stability. The findings suggest that "invisible taxation"—where fiscal obligations are seamlessly embedded into commercial software—represents the most effective pathway for fostering voluntary compliance and ensuring long-term fiscal sustainability in the digital economy.
Tax administration, digitalization, TaxTech, tax compliance, electronic invoicing, real-time reporting, fiscal policy, API integration, risk management, shadow economy.
ON THE ISSUE OF ACTIVATING THE LEVERS OF TAX REGULATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
The article examines the issues of activating the levers of tax regulation and the characteristics of the main forms and means of tax regulation in modern conditions and clarifies their content. Considerable attention is paid in the article to the issue of the legal basis for managing the levers of tax regulation of economic activity in the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Taxes, tax regulation, forms and means of tax regulation, tax system management, tax functions, tax risks, tax risk functions, content of tax functions.
ECONOMETRIC MODELLING OF REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE STRUCTURE: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KASHKADARYA REGION, UZBEKISTAN
This article examines the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence of econometric modelling of regional industrial enterprise structure, drawing on the case of Kashkadarya Region, Uzbekistan. Using panel data from 148 industrial enterprises over the period 2018–2023, we estimate a System Generalised Method of Moments (System GMM) dynamic panel model to identify the key determinants of total factor productivity (TFP). Our results confirm that investment in digitalisation (β = 0.341; p = 0.016) and export volume (β = 0.447; p < 0.001) are the strongest structural drivers of enterprise efficiency. We further document a Structural Shift Index (SSI) of 0.12 and an HHI of 1,850, indicating moderate and moderately concentrated market conditions, respectively. The findings provide a quantitative basis for formulating evidence-based industrial policy in transitional emerging economies.
Regional industrial structure, System GMM, total factor productivity, structural shift index, Herfindahl–Hirschman index, Kashkadarya, Uzbekistan.
THE CONCEPT OF FINANCE AND ITS ROLE IN THE ECONOMY
Finance is a field that deals with issues related to money—such as earning money, managing it, and investing it. Finance can also create centralized and decentralized monetary funds. Therefore, its role and significance depend on the place of monetary relations in the system of economic relations. This article discusses financial analysis, the socio-economic nature of finance, financial theories, public finance, and international financial relations.
Finance, money, consumer fund, financial reporting.
PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING INVESTMENT FLOWS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMIES
This article examines the prospects for increasing investment flows in the development of regional economies based on scientific and economic approaches and official statistical data. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations of regional investment policy, the role of investment attractiveness in ensuring sustainable economic growth, and the impact of foreign and domestic investments on regional socio-economic development. Particular attention is paid to the reforms implemented in Uzbekistan aimed at improving the investment climate, developing infrastructure, and expanding regional economic potential. In addition, the article evaluates advanced international experience in attracting investments and identifies the main factors influencing regional investment competitiveness. Based on the analysis, practical recommendations are proposed to improve the efficiency of investment policy, strengthen regional investment attractiveness, and ensure balanced economic development across regions.
Investment flows, regional economy, investment attractiveness, economic growth, foreign direct investment, regional development, infrastructure, investment policy, economic reforms, regional competitiveness, sustainable development, capital investment.
BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY: MECHANISMS FOR CREATING NEW MARKETS IN LARGE CORPORATIONS
In today's highly competitive business environment, traditional "Red Oceans" are becoming overcrowded, leading to shrinking profit margins. This article explores the application of "Blue Ocean Strategy" within large-scale corporations as a tool for sustainable growth through the creation of uncontested market spaces. The research utilizes qualitative analysis and case study methodologies, examining the strategic frameworks of global leaders that successfully transitioned from price-based competition to value innovation. The "Four Actions Framework" (Eliminate, Reduce, Raise, Create) is analyzed as the primary mechanism for strategic shifts. The study identifies that large corporations succeed in creating blue oceans not by focusing on technological breakthroughs alone, but by aligning innovation with utility, price, and cost positions. Findings suggest that organizations adopting this strategy can reduce marketing overheads by 15-20% while capturing untapped consumer segments. The article concludes that for large corporations, the mechanism of creating new markets requires a departure from benchmarking competitors toward "Value Innovation." This strategic pivot is essential for long-term dominance in the digital and globalized economy.
Blue Ocean Strategy, Value Innovation, Market Creation, Competitive Advantage, Red Ocean, Strategic Canvas, Value Cost Trade-off, Business Growth, Large Corporations, Innovation Management.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTING IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
This article investigates the significance of accounting in agricultural production within the context of the digital economy. Emphasizing transparency, accuracy, and data-driven decision-making, the study analyses how digital transformation reshapes the role of accounting, streamlines management processes, improves resource allocation, and contributes to the sustainability and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. Modern tools, digital platforms, and the integration of information technologies in accounting processes are examined, along with the emerging challenges and prospects for the development of agricultural accounting. The article concludes by outlining future directions for research and practical application in achieving efficient and sustainable agricultural production.
Agricultural accounting, agricultural enterprises, auditing, digital economy, digital transformation, information technology, resource allocation.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS: MODERN APPROACH
Financial statement analysis is important for assessing a company’s performance, determining its financial stability, solvency, and profitability. However, in practice, various problematic aspects arise during financial statement analysis. These problems can negatively impact the reliability of the analysis results.
Financial statements, financial statement analysis, financial condition, financial stability, financial results, business activity, insolvency.
ASSESSMENT OF MACROECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING INTERBANK COMPETITION
This article analyzes the impact of macroeconomic and institutional factors on interbank competition in the banking sector of Uzbekistan. The study applies a panel Fixed Effects regression model for 2016–2025 to empirically assess the impact of eight competition determinants on the Lerner index. Based on the conducted research, the author formulates conclusions and provides practical recommendations.
Interbank competition, macroeconomic factors, institutional factors, Lerner index, panel regression, FinTech, privatization, key rate, Basel III.
CLASSIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF RISKS IN GLOBAL COMPANIES: MODERN APPROACHES BASED ON COSO ERM AND ISO 31000
In the modern global economy, risk classification and management have become strategic priorities for multinational corporations. Rapid digital transformation, geopolitical instability, climate change, supply chain disruptions, and increasing regulatory requirements create a complex risk environment. This article examines the significance of risk classification in global companies and highlights modern approaches based on COSO ERM and ISO 31000 frameworks. Particular attention is given to strategic, operational, financial, technological, reputational, and ESG-risks. Effective risk classification enables companies to improve decision-making, allocate resources efficiently, strengthen internal control systems, and enhance long-term sustainability.
Global companies, risk classification, risk management, corporate governance, COSO ERM, ISO 31000, operational risk, financial risk, internal control, ESG risks, sustainability, strategic risk, resilience.