American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking
American Journal of Business Management, Economics, and Banking is a peer-reviewed international, open-access journal. This journal publishes articles in Economics, Business Management, Banking, and Accounting. Authors can submit original research for the double-blind peer-reviewed journal. ISSN (E): 2832-8078 JIF 2024: 8.960
THE CONCEPT OF FINANCE AND ITS ROLE IN THE ECONOMY
Finance is a field that deals with issues related to money—such as earning money, managing it, and investing it. Finance can also create centralized and decentralized monetary funds. Therefore, its role and significance depend on the place of monetary relations in the system of economic relations. This article discusses financial analysis, the socio-economic nature of finance, financial theories, public finance, and international financial relations.
Finance, money, consumer fund, financial reporting.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING INVESTMENT FLOWS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMIES
This article examines the prospects for increasing investment flows in the development of regional economies based on scientific and economic approaches and official statistical data. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations of regional investment policy, the role of investment attractiveness in ensuring sustainable economic growth, and the impact of foreign and domestic investments on regional socio-economic development. Particular attention is paid to the reforms implemented in Uzbekistan aimed at improving the investment climate, developing infrastructure, and expanding regional economic potential. In addition, the article evaluates advanced international experience in attracting investments and identifies the main factors influencing regional investment competitiveness. Based on the analysis, practical recommendations are proposed to improve the efficiency of investment policy, strengthen regional investment attractiveness, and ensure balanced economic development across regions.
Investment flows, regional economy, investment attractiveness, economic growth, foreign direct investment, regional development, infrastructure, investment policy, economic reforms, regional competitiveness, sustainable development, capital investment.
BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY: MECHANISMS FOR CREATING NEW MARKETS IN LARGE CORPORATIONS
In today's highly competitive business environment, traditional "Red Oceans" are becoming overcrowded, leading to shrinking profit margins. This article explores the application of "Blue Ocean Strategy" within large-scale corporations as a tool for sustainable growth through the creation of uncontested market spaces. The research utilizes qualitative analysis and case study methodologies, examining the strategic frameworks of global leaders that successfully transitioned from price-based competition to value innovation. The "Four Actions Framework" (Eliminate, Reduce, Raise, Create) is analyzed as the primary mechanism for strategic shifts. The study identifies that large corporations succeed in creating blue oceans not by focusing on technological breakthroughs alone, but by aligning innovation with utility, price, and cost positions. Findings suggest that organizations adopting this strategy can reduce marketing overheads by 15-20% while capturing untapped consumer segments. The article concludes that for large corporations, the mechanism of creating new markets requires a departure from benchmarking competitors toward "Value Innovation." This strategic pivot is essential for long-term dominance in the digital and globalized economy.
Blue Ocean Strategy, Value Innovation, Market Creation, Competitive Advantage, Red Ocean, Strategic Canvas, Value Cost Trade-off, Business Growth, Large Corporations, Innovation Management.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTING IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
This article investigates the significance of accounting in agricultural production within the context of the digital economy. Emphasizing transparency, accuracy, and data-driven decision-making, the study analyses how digital transformation reshapes the role of accounting, streamlines management processes, improves resource allocation, and contributes to the sustainability and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. Modern tools, digital platforms, and the integration of information technologies in accounting processes are examined, along with the emerging challenges and prospects for the development of agricultural accounting. The article concludes by outlining future directions for research and practical application in achieving efficient and sustainable agricultural production.
Agricultural accounting, agricultural enterprises, auditing, digital economy, digital transformation, information technology, resource allocation.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS: MODERN APPROACH
Financial statement analysis is important for assessing a company’s performance, determining its financial stability, solvency, and profitability. However, in practice, various problematic aspects arise during financial statement analysis. These problems can negatively impact the reliability of the analysis results.
Financial statements, financial statement analysis, financial condition, financial stability, financial results, business activity, insolvency.
ASSESSMENT OF MACROECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING INTERBANK COMPETITION
This article analyzes the impact of macroeconomic and institutional factors on interbank competition in the banking sector of Uzbekistan. The study applies a panel Fixed Effects regression model for 2016–2025 to empirically assess the impact of eight competition determinants on the Lerner index. Based on the conducted research, the author formulates conclusions and provides practical recommendations.
Interbank competition, macroeconomic factors, institutional factors, Lerner index, panel regression, FinTech, privatization, key rate, Basel III.
CLASSIFICATION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF RISKS IN GLOBAL COMPANIES: MODERN APPROACHES BASED ON COSO ERM AND ISO 31000
In the modern global economy, risk classification and management have become strategic priorities for multinational corporations. Rapid digital transformation, geopolitical instability, climate change, supply chain disruptions, and increasing regulatory requirements create a complex risk environment. This article examines the significance of risk classification in global companies and highlights modern approaches based on COSO ERM and ISO 31000 frameworks. Particular attention is given to strategic, operational, financial, technological, reputational, and ESG-risks. Effective risk classification enables companies to improve decision-making, allocate resources efficiently, strengthen internal control systems, and enhance long-term sustainability.
Global companies, risk classification, risk management, corporate governance, COSO ERM, ISO 31000, operational risk, financial risk, internal control, ESG risks, sustainability, strategic risk, resilience.
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES OF INCREASING INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
This study comprehensively analyzes the methodological issues of increasing the investment activity of commercial banks. In particular, the issues of using modern financial instruments in the development of investment activities of banks, improving the risk management system and diversifying the investment portfolio are covered. The role of commercial banks in financing the real sector, mechanisms for supporting innovative projects and proposals aimed at improving the investment climate are developed.
Commercial banks, investment, investment activity, financial resources, lending, banking system, economic growth, investment environment, capital investments.
IMPROVING REAL-TIME ANTIFRAUD MONITORING SYSTEMS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH RETAIL BANKING SERVICES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN BANKING PRACTICE
This article examines the issues of improving real-time antifraud monitoring systems in the management of risks associated with retail banking services. The rapid development of digital banking services has significantly increased the exposure of banks to fraud-related risks, making effective risk management a critical priority. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations of antifraud systems, international best practices, and modern technological approaches to fraud detection and prevention. In addition, a conceptual model for real-time antifraud monitoring based on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms is proposed. The model enables the identification of suspicious transactions and supports timely decision-making in risk management processes. The paper also highlights the current challenges in implementing antifraud systems in the banking practice of Uzbekistan and suggests practical recommendations for their improvement. The results of the study contribute to enhancing the efficiency of retail banking risk management and strengthening the overall security and stability of the banking system.
Retail banking services, retail banking risk, antifraud monitoring, real-time systems, fraud risk, artificial intelligence, machine learning, risk management, digital banking.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IMPLEMENTATION IN AML SYSTEMS: ANALYSIS OF LEADING BANKS AND CIS COUNTRIES PRACTICES
The global banking system is actively implementing artificial intelligence technologies to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. This article presents a systematic analysis of international experience in applying AI technologies in AML systems of leading global banks and financial institutions of CIS countries. Cases of HSBC, JPMorgan Chase, Standard Chartered, Deutsche Bank, and Citibank demonstrating specific measurable implementation outcomes are analysed. Special attention is devoted to the state of AI adoption in the banking sectors of Russia, Kazakhstan, and other CIS countries, including a detailed analysis of Sberbank’s experience. Critical limitations of traditional financial monitoring systems and the advantages of AI-based solutions are identified. Federated learning technology is examined as an innovative approach to interbank cooperation that does not require the disclosure of confidential client data.
Artificial intelligence, AML, international experience, machine learning, federated learning, financial monitoring, compliance, CIS countries, digital transformation.
STRUCTURE AND DYNAMIC CHANGES OF BANK CREDITS IN FINANCING SMALL BUSINESSES
This article analyzes the composition of credits allocated to small business entities by commercial banks and the dynamics of their changes over time. The research examines the significance of bank loans in financing small businesses, their role in the economy, and the growth trends of their overall share. Furthermore, the structural framework of loans is analyzed on a scientific basis according to their types, sectors, and terms. The article identifies existing challenges in the process of lending to small business entities and develops proposals and recommendations for their mitigation. The results of the research are of significant importance in supporting small businesses and improving the bank lending system.
Small business, bank credit, loan portfolio, lending dynamics, sectoral breakdown, commercial banks, investment loan, preferential loan, financial resources, the economy of Uzbekistan, state support, digitalization, entrepreneurship development.
PRОMISING DIRЕСTIОNS FОR THЕ DЕVЕLОPMЕNT ОF INVЕSTMЕNT АСTIVITIЕS ОF СОMMЕRСIАL BАNKS
This аrtiсlе аnаlyzеs thе intеgrаtiоn оf соmmеrсiаl bаnks intо intеrnаtiоnаl finаnсiаl mаrkеts аnd thе issuеs оf еnsuring finаnсiаl stаbility thrоugh invеstmеnt асtivitiеs in thе соntехt оf glоbаlizаtiоn. Spесifiсаlly, using JSСB "Uzprоmstrоybаnk" аs аn ехаmplе, thе bаnk's invеstmеnts in stосks, Еurоbоnds, аnd lоng-tеrm bоnds wеrе studiеd, аlоng with thеir impасt оn prоfitаbility аnd pоrtfоliо divеrsifiсаtiоn. Thе bаnk's prеsеnсе in intеrnаtiоnаl саpitаl mаrkеts wаs аlsо аssеssеd thrоugh аn аnаlysis оf thе dynаmiсs оf dividеnds rесеivеd frоm VISА Inс. shаrеs аnd ехpесtеd rеturns оn Еurоbоnds. Thе еffесtivеnеss оf thе bаnk's invеstmеnt pоliсy is sсiеntifiсаlly substаntiаtеd bаsеd оn Mаrkоvis's pоrtfоliо thеоry, risk mаnаgеmеnt, аnd finаnсiаl divеrsifiсаtiоn соnсеpts. Thе rеsults оf thе study shоw thаt finаnсiаl stаbility саn bе imprоvеd by ехpаnding thе bаnk's invеstmеnt pоrtfоliо, strеngthеning gеоgrаphiсаl аnd instrumеntаl divеrsifiсаtiоn, аnd dеvеlоping “grееn finаnсing” prасtiсеs.
Соmmеrсiаl bаnks, invеstmеnt pоrtfоliо, intеrnаtiоnаl finаnсiаl mаrkеt, Еurоbоnds, stосks, divеrsifiсаtiоn, finаnсiаl stаbility, risk mаnаgеmеnt, Mаrkоvis thеоry, “grееn” finаnсing, dividеnd, саpitаl mаrkеt.
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR ORGANIZING INVESTMENT ACTIVITY UNDER ALTERNATIVE FINANCING CONDITIONS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
This study examines the methodological foundations for organizing investment activity under alternative financing conditions and analyzes their development trends in the context of modern economic transformations. The research highlights the growing importance of alternative financing instruments—such as crowdfunding, venture capital, peer-to-peer lending, and private equity—in enhancing access to capital and improving investment efficiency. The paper explores key theoretical approaches, including financial intermediation, financial innovation, and institutional frameworks, and links them with practical applications in contemporary financial systems. Additionally, the study provides a comparative analysis of alternative financing mechanisms and identifies their advantages, limitations, and impact on investment processes. The findings indicate that diversification of financing sources, integration of financial technologies, and the development of appropriate methodological approaches play a crucial role in ensuring sustainable investment activity. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for continuous improvement of methodological frameworks to adapt to the evolving landscape of alternative finance.
Alternative financing, investment activity, methodological approaches, crowdfunding, venture capital, peer-to-peer lending, financial innovation, FinTech, investment management, financial systems development.
MECHANISMS FOR ENHANCING THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES IN THE EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
This study examines the mechanisms for enhancing the investment activity of joint-stock companies based on the experience of developed countries. The research focuses on the theoretical foundations and practical approaches to investment activity, highlighting the role of financial markets, institutional investors, and corporate governance systems in facilitating capital formation. A comparative analysis of the United States, Germany, and Japan is conducted to identify the key features of different financial models, including market-based, bank-based, and hybrid systems. The findings indicate that the level of investment activity in developed economies is largely determined by the depth of financial markets, the presence of institutional investors, and the effectiveness of corporate governance practices. In particular, the study reveals that stock market development and access to diverse financial instruments significantly enhance the ability of joint-stock companies to attract investment. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the importance of a stable institutional environment and transparent regulatory framework in promoting investor confidence.
Investment activity; joint-stock companies; capital markets; institutional investors; corporate governance; financial mechanisms; developed countries; IPO; investment policy; economic growth.
ECONOMIC MECHANISMS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF FOREIGN CREDIT LINES
This article analyzes the economic mechanisms for improving the efficiency of foreign credit line utilization. It examines key factors such as resource allocation, institutional quality, financial intermediation, and monitoring systems. The study also reviews international experience and evaluates recent reforms in Uzbekistan related to the use of foreign financial resources. The findings indicate that efficiency depends on strategic allocation and effective management of credit resources.
Foreign credit lines, economic efficiency, investment policy, external debt, financial resources, infrastructure development, institutional mechanisms, risk management, Uzbekistan economy, international experience.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN “NEW UZBEKISTAN” AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING INVESTMENT POLICY
This study examines the integration of Uzbekistan into the system of international economic relations, the development of foreign trade, and the regulatory framework supporting international cooperation. It analyzes reforms implemented within the Action Strategy, investment policy, and the dynamics of capital investments. Particular attention is given to centralized investments, budget funds, the Reconstruction and Development Fund, and state-guaranteed loans.
Economic integration, foreign trade, investments, capital investments, public policy, regulatory framework
ATTRACTING FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND MODERNIZATION PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
This article examines the improvement of investment policy in Uzbekistan, economic modernization, and the development of the digital economy. It highlights the importance of attracting foreign investments, improving the investment climate, and their impact on economic growth. The study also analyzes the efficient use of investment resources, industrial development, and the application of international experience. As a result, scientific conclusions are formulated to enhance national economic competitiveness and ensure sustainable development.
Investment policy, foreign investments, economic growth, digital economy, investment climate, modernization, industrial development, capital investments.
PRESSING ISSUES OF EXPANDING AND INTERCONNECTING TRANSPORT CORRIDORS IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH ASIA
This article analyzes the economic significance and current challenges of expanding transport corridors and enhancing integration processes between Central and South Asia. In the context of growing global trade volumes, reducing logistics costs, and deepening regional economic integration, the role of efficient transport infrastructure is becoming increasingly important. The study empirically evaluates the relationship between transport infrastructure development, trade volume, logistics efficiency, and gross domestic product growth.
Transport corridors; regional integration; logistics efficiency; trade volume; OLS regression model; Central Asia; South Asia.
This study investigates the impact of tax fraud on welfare outcomes in Nigeria, focusing on Personal Property Tax Fraud and Corporate Income Tax Fraud as key determinants of human development. Recognizing that tax revenue constitutes a critical source of
This study investigates the impact of tax fraud on welfare outcomes in Nigeria, focusing on Personal Property Tax Fraud and Corporate Income Tax Fraud as key determinants of human development. Recognizing that tax revenue constitutes a critical source of funding for public services, the research explores how fraudulent practices erode fiscal capacity and constrain social welfare, measured through the Human Development Index. Employing an ex-post facto research design, the study utilises secondary data spanning 1999 to 2023, sourced from the Nigerian Revenue Service Tax ProMax database and supplemented with estimates derived from the Corruption Perceptions Index. The methodological framework integrates a stationarity test using the Augmented Dickey–Fuller approach, lag length selection criteria, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag estimation, Bounds Cointegration Test, and long-run Auto Regressive Distributed Lag modelling to capture both short-term and long-term dynamics. The results indicate that while PPTF is stationary at level, Human Development Index and Corporate Income Tax Fraud are stationary at first difference, validating the suitability of the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag framework. Empirical findings reveal that both Personal Property Tax Fraud and Corporate Income Tax Fraud exert significant and negative effects on Human Development Index, confirming that tax fraud diminishes government capacity to finance welfare-enhancing programs and undermines human development. The study concludes that combating tax fraud through stronger enforcement, institutional reforms, and public awareness initiatives is essential for improving welfare outcomes in Nigeria. These findings provide critical policy insights for fiscal authorities and underscore the importance of effective tax administration in promoting sustainable development.
Tax fraud, Human Development Index, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag, Nigeria, Public welfare, Fiscal policy
THE CONTENT, ESSENCE AND TYPES OF MARKETING IN RAILWAY SERVICE ENTERPRISES
This article examines the content, essence, and main types of marketing in railway service enterprises under the conditions of the modern service economy. The study is based on the idea that marketing in railway transport should be interpreted not only as a tool for promoting services, but also as an integrated management mechanism aimed at creating customer value, improving service quality, and strengthening the competitive position of railway enterprises. The article analyzes the evolution of marketing theory and summarizes the scientific approaches of leading scholars to the definition of marketing in relation to the service sector.
Railway services, marketing, service marketing, customer value, railway enterprises, service quality, customer loyalty, IHIP model, marketing mix, transport services.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN FINANCING INVESTMENT PROJECTS AND ITS FEATURES
This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of investment project financing and the experience of foreign countries. During the study, the main models of investment project financing were studied - corporate financing, project finance and public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms. Also, practical experiences were considered on the example of Great Britain, the USA, China and Germany, and their specific features were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that risk sharing, the use of long-term financial resources and the development of public-private sector cooperation are of great importance in the effective financing of investment projects. At the end of the article, practical proposals and recommendations for the national economy in this area were developed.
Investment projects, financing, project finance, public-private partnership (PPP), foreign experience, infrastructure projects, risk management, capital market, investment policy, economic development.
ЕVОLUTIОNАRY STАGЕS ОF DЕVЕLОPMЕNT ОF RЕTАIL BАNKING SЕRVIСЕS IN СОMMЕRСIАL BАNKS
This аrtiсlе аnаlyzеs thе dеvеlоpmеnt prосеss оf rеtаil bаnking sеrviсеs in соmmеrсiаl bаnks bаsеd оn аn еvоlutiоnаry аpprоасh. Thе study соnsistеntly соvеrs thе stаgеs оf trаditiоnаl, tесhnоlоgy intrоduсtiоn, intеrnеt bаnking аnd digitаl bаnking sеrviсеs, аnd shоws thеir mаin fеаturеs аnd spесifiс аspесts. Rеtаil bаnking sеrviсеs аrе аlsо dividеd intо trаditiоnаl (stаtiоnаry) аnd rеmоtе typеs, аnd thеir аdvаntаgеs аnd limitаtiоns аrе аnаlyzеd оn а sсiеntifiс bаsis. Thе аrtiсlе studiеs thе impасt оf digitаl tесhnоlоgiеs (аrtifiсiаl intеlligеnсе, mасhinе lеаrning, big dаtа аnаlytiсs, сlоud соmputing аnd mоbilе аppliсаtiоns) оn rеtаil bаnking sеrviсеs.
Rеtаil bаnking, соmmеrсiаl bаnking, digitаl trаnsfоrmаtiоn, trаditiоnаl bаnking, rеmоtе bаnking, intеrnеt bаnking, mоbilе bаnking, аrtifiсiаl intеlligеnсе (АI), mасhinе lеаrning (ML), big dаtа, сlоud соmputing, сybеrsесurity.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMULATION MODEL FOR BANK NETWORK TRAFFIC FILTERING SYSTEMS BASED ON DPI TECHNOLOGY USING THE ANYLOGIC SOFTWARE
This article analyzes the characteristics of artificial neural network algorithms and neural network models. Single-layer neural networks are also considered. Although a single neuron is incapable of performing even simple perception processes, the computational power of neural networks emerges when multiple neurons are interconnected within a network. The processes of handling incoming network load using Hamming and Hopfield models are examined. The results of both simulation models demonstrate that network traffic filtering is essential, firstly, for resource optimization, secondly, for protecting service systems from threats and attacks, and thirdly, for reducing request processing time. As a result, both the speed and quality of service are significantly improved.
Single-layer neuron, bank network simulator, types of simulators, Hamming and Hopfield, DPI.
FINANCING FAMILY ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UZBEKISTAN: ANALYSIS OF THE PRACTICE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
This article analyzes the current state of financing family entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan and the participation of commercial banks in this process. The study examined banking services, lending mechanisms and financial instruments aimed at supporting family business entities. The volume, terms and effectiveness of loans provided by commercial banks were also assessed. The analysis identified problems in the sector, including barriers to obtaining credit, collateral requirements and the level of financial literacy. The article develops proposals and recommendations for improving the activities of commercial banks in order to eliminate these problems and further develop family entrepreneurship. The results of the study have scientific and practical significance in improving the system of financing family entrepreneurship and strengthening the role of the banking sector.
Uzbekistan, family entrepreneurship, commercial banks, interest, financing, credit, small business, savings, poverty.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR UZBEKISTAN TO USE THE EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS’ ASSETS
This article analyzes the issues of increasing the efficiency of commercial banks' assets, their assessment criteria, and the possibilities of using the experience of the banking system of developed countries. During the study, special attention was paid to the profitability of bank assets, asset quality, liquidity indicators, and the effectiveness of the risk management system. Also, the experiences of diversifying the asset portfolio, developing risk management systems, and introducing digital technologies used in banks in the United States and European countries were studied. A comparative analysis was carried out with the activities of commercial banks of Uzbekistan, identifying existing problems and ways to eliminate them. Based on the results of the study, scientific and practical proposals were developed to increase the efficiency of bank assets, reduce credit risks, and ensure the stability of the banking system.
Commercial banks, asset efficiency, bank assets, loan portfolio, diversification, risk management, ROA, ROE, problem loans, liquidity, banking system, digital banking, international experience, banks of Uzbekistan.
DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPING THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS THROUGH THE STOCK MARKET
This article examines the priority areas of development of investment activities of commercial banks through stock market instruments in modern economic conditions. The author analyzes the issues of increasing the share of securities in bank assets, diversifying the investment portfolio, and managing risks in the financial market. The article also studies foreign experience in strengthening the role of commercial banks as professional participants in the stock market, and develops scientific and practical proposals for the national banking system. The results of the research will serve to increase the profitability of banks and ensure their investment attractiveness.
Commercial banks, stock market, investment activity, securities, shares, bonds, investment portfolio, diversification, financial stability, securitization.
AN INTEGRATED STRATEGIC MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM SECTOR OF UZBEKISTAN BASED ON THE ADAPTATION OF TURKISH EXPERIENCE
In recent decades, the global tourism market has been developing rapidly, and competition between countries in attracting tourist flows has significantly increased. The tourism sector is considered not only as a service sector, but also as one of the important drivers of the national economy. According to the World Tourism Organization, the tourism sector forms a significant part of the global gross domestic product and plays an important role in creating millions of jobs. Therefore, many countries, considering tourism as one of the priority areas of economic development, are paying special attention to improving the mechanisms for strategic management of this sector.
IMPROVING CYBER RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS: THE EXPERIENCE OF UZBEKISTAN AND CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES
This article examines the theoretical, institutional, and practical aspects of cyber risk assessment and management in commercial banks. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of digital transformation on cyber risks in banking, to examine modern approaches to cyber risk assessment and management, and to develop practical recommendations for the banking sector of Uzbekistan. The study applies a systemic approach, comparative analysis, legal and regulatory analysis, and institutional analysis. The findings show that the expansion of digital banking services, mobile applications, electronic payments, fintech integrations, and external digital infrastructures requires cyber risk to be treated not merely as a component of operational risk, but as an independent strategic risk affecting financial stability, operational continuity, and customer trust in commercial banks. The comparative analysis of international and national practices demonstrates that effective cyber risk management depends on corporate governance, risk appetite, information sharing, institutional coordination, and the improvement of digital literacy. Based on the results, the article proposes scientific and practical recommendations for improving cyber risk assessment and management in the commercial banks of Uzbekistan.
Cyber risk, cybersecurity, commercial banks, digital banking, operational risk, anti-fraud, operational resilience, continuous verification-based security, information sharing, institutional coordination.
THE ESG AUDIT PLANNING PROCESS AND ITS SPECIFIC ASPECTS
In this article, in the context of sustainable development The ESG audit planning process and its specific aspects The research was reviewed and suggestions and recommendations were made.
Audit planning, pre-audit activities, audit plan, audit strategy.
The quality of the financial statement audit depends on its careful planning. This article highlights the aspects that should be taken into account when planning an audit of financial statements.
Audit of financial statements, international standards of auditing, audit planning, audit plan, audit program, level of significance, audit risk.