American Journal of Business Management, Economics and Banking
American Journal of Business Management, Economics, and Banking is a peer-reviewed international, open-access journal. This journal publishes articles in Economics, Business Management, Banking, and Accounting. Authors can submit original research for the double-blind peer-reviewed journal. ISSN (E): 2832-8078 JIF 2024: 8.960
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF CASH FLOW MANAGEMENT IN JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Cash flow management remains one of the functions of corporate financial management most sensitive to operational error, since the solvency and financial stability of a joint-stock company depend directly on the accuracy and timeliness of the decisions taken. This article examines the methodological approaches to the digital transformation of cash flow management in joint-stock companies and the practical aspects of its implementation. Drawing on a systematic review of national and international literature, together with a survey of treasury-management tools applied in international and domestic practice, the article identifies three principal directions of digitalization: automation of the payment calendar and bank-statement reconciliation, the deployment of centralized treasury management systems (TMS), the application of machine-learning techniques to cash flow forecasting, and the robotic automation of routine accounting operations (RPA). The analysis shows that the effectiveness of digital transformation is determined not only by the choice of technological solution but also by the enterprise's methodological readiness — the quality of source data, the standardization of accounting procedures, and the existence of a formalized liquidity-management model. Using joint-stock companies of the Republic of Uzbekistan as an illustrative case, the article reviews the institutional conditions for the digitalization of corporate financial management that have emerged through corporate-governance reform and capital-market development. A three-tier methodological model of digital transformation is proposed, comprising an accounting-automation tier, an analytical-forecasting tier, and a strategic liquidity-optimization tier. The findings are intended to be of practical use to the financial services of joint-stock companies and to further research on corporate finance and the digital economy.
Digital transformation, cash flow, joint-stock company, treasury management, financial management, machine learning, liquidity forecasting, corporate governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
MECHANISMS FOR FORMING INVESTMENT RESOURCES FOR THE SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT NETWORK
Railway transport remains one of the most capital-intensive branches of national infrastructure, and its capacity to modernize technologically depends directly on the volume, structure, and continuity of investment resources. This article examines the mechanisms through which investment resources can be formed and mobilized to support the sustainable innovative development of a railway transport network, using the experience of Uzbekistan as an illustrative case. The study combines a systematic review of international and national literature with a comparative analysis of financing instruments applied in railway modernization, including state budgetary allocation, retained earnings and internal reinvestment, sovereign and multilateral borrowing, public-private partnerships, leasing of rolling stock, and green and infrastructure bonds. The results indicate that a diversified, multi-channel model of investment resource formation, anchored by a stable regulatory environment and risk-sharing arrangements between the state and private investors, provides the most resilient basis for financing innovative railway projects. The article proposes a structural model for combining public and private capital sources and outlines policy measures capable of increasing the inflow of long-term investment into railway infrastructure. The findings are intended to be of practical value for transport-sector policymakers, railway operators, and researchers working on infrastructure finance in transition and emerging economies.
Railway transport, investment resources, innovative development, public-private partnership, green bonds, infrastructure financing, sustainable development, Uzbekistan.
ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION, FORMATION AND DYNAMIC CHANGES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS' ASSETS
This article studies the composition, formation and dynamic changes of assets of commercial banks, analyzes the composition, formation and dynamic changes of assets of commercial banks, analyzes financial and economic indicators that reflect the effectiveness of bank assets. Assets of commercial banks are an important economic category that reflects the directions of use of bank resources, and their composition determines the profitability, liquidity, risk tolerance and financial stability of the bank. As a rule, loan deposits, investment portfolios, funds in other banks, cash and equivalent assets, as well as other income-generating financial instruments, play an important role in the composition of assets.
Transformation process, commercial banks, bank assets, international banks, liquidity and risk level, corporate management system, risk monitoring, high efficiency, asset management.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ESG FACTORS ON GREEN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM UZBEKISTAN
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles have become an essential framework for evaluating sustainable economic development. However, empirical evidence regarding their contribution to green tourism development remains limited, particularly in emerging economies. This study examines the impact of ESG dimensions on green tourism development in Uzbekistan using panel data from fourteen regions covering the period 2014–2025. The research constructs a Green Tourism Development Index (GTDI) through the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) and applies Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), System GMM, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to estimate the relationships between ESG factors and sustainable tourism performance. The findings demonstrate that environmental governance exerts the strongest positive influence on green tourism development, followed by governance quality and social sustainability. Governance quality significantly moderates the relationship between environmental performance and tourism competitiveness. The proposed integrated ESG-GTDI framework contributes to sustainable tourism literature by introducing a multidimensional assessment model suitable for developing countries. The findings provide practical implications for policymakers seeking to accelerate green transformation in tourism through ESG-oriented strategies.
ESG; Green Tourism; Sustainability; Panel Data; PLS-SEM; Uzbekistan; Sustainable Development.
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL MECHANISMS IN DEVELOPING THE GREEN FINANCE MARKET
In the context of the sustainable development of the global economy, the organizational development of the green finance market is directly linked to the functional effectiveness of financial mechanisms that regulate and stimulate the flow of capital directed toward it. In the global green financing process, it is necessary not only to increase the circulation of green financial instruments, but also to thoroughly study and apply the factors supporting financing, as well as to implement measures in accordance with the criteria and requirements of the Global Green Finance Index. Furthermore, international experience demonstrates that strengthening risk management mechanisms and enhancing market transparency through the introduction of new financial instruments are essential conditions for ensuring long-term institutional confidence in green investments. This article presents scientific and theoretical analyses related to the mechanisms of organizing, developing, and improving the efficiency of the green finance market.
Green finance, Global Green Finance Index, green credit, green securities, green investment, green financing mechanism, green finance methodology.
CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY: GLOBAL EXPERIENCE, POLICY CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS FOR UZBEKISTAN
Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) have become a major policy topic as central banks seek to modernize payment systems, preserve monetary sovereignty, and improve financial inclusion in increasingly digital economies. This article examines global CBDC experience, identifies the principal policy, technological, legal, and economic challenges associated with CBDC development, and assesses the prospects for a potential Digital Soum in Uzbekistan. The study is based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework and Institutional Theory, which together explain how technological readiness, organizational capacity, and external institutional pressure shape CBDC adoption (DePietro, Wiarda and Fleischer, 1990; DiMaggio and Powell, 1983). Methodologically, the paper combines a scoping review of academic and policy literature, comparative policy analysis of selected countries, documentary analysis of Uzbekistan’s policy environment, and a cross-country comparative assessment using publicly available indicators. Evidence from international cases shows that CBDC projects differ significantly in motivation, architecture, and implementation stage, but most are designed as complements to cash and existing payment systems rather than replacements (BIS, 2023). The literature also highlights persistent concerns regarding privacy, cybersecurity, financial stability, commercial bank intermediation, and governance (IMF, 2024). For Uzbekistan, publicly available evidence suggests growing digital financial infrastructure and an exploratory policy environment, although not fully verified official CBDC launch decision is evident in the materials reviewed (Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2026). The paper concludes that Uzbekistan should pursue a phased CBDC strategy built on regulatory clarity, technological readiness, institutional coordination, and limited pilot testing. The findings contribute to the emerging literature on CBDC adoption in emerging and transition economies and provide policy-relevant lessons for Uzbekistan (World Bank, 2025; Atlantic Council, 2026).
Central bank digital currency; digital soum; Uzbekistan; payment systems; financial inclusion; monetary policy; TOE framework; institutional theory.
FORECASTING STATE BUDGET REVENUE IN UZBEKISTAN: A BACKTESTED TREND-MODEL APPROACH FOR 2025–2027
Uzbekistan's post-2017 reforms left a short, structurally shifted revenue series that rules out ARIMA, so this paper builds transparent trend forecasts of state budget revenue for 2025–2027. Annual execution data for 2018–2024 (Ministry of Economy and Finance) are modelled with a log-linear constant-growth trend and additive-trend models (linear and Holt), ranked by an out-of-sample backtest (train 2018–2022, test 2023–2024) and checked against the approved 2025 budget. Revenue rose from 79.1 to 274.3 trln UZS (23.0% CAGR), with growth decelerating to 18.4% by 2024. The additive trend is far more accurate out of sample (MAPE 4.0% vs 14.9%) and its 2025 forecast (298.6 trln UZS) is within 3.2% of the plan (308.5); it projects about 299, 331 and 362 trln UZS for 2025–2027
Tax revenue forecasting; state budget; trend model; Holt exponential smoothing; backtesting; Uzbekistan. JEL: H68, C53, E62.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INCREASING THE CAPITALIZATION LEVEL OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
This article discusses safe and effective approaches to increasing the capitalization level of commercial banks. In addition, the study analyzes the volume and dynamics of the capital of commercial banks in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the share of authorized capital in the banks’ equity structure. Based on the analysis, relevant conclusions and recommendations are provided.
Commercial banks, capitalization level, resource base, capital, authorized capital.
ROLE OF COMPULSORY INSURANCE IN THE INSURANCE MARKET
The article describes the role of compulsory insurance in the insurance market of our country, its theoretical foundations, implementation practices and practical recommendations for solving problems.
Insurance market, compulsory insurance and its types, social insurance, voluntary insurance, insurance coverage, tariff rate, level of harm.
FACTORS LEADING TO POVERTY AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION
This article scientifically analyzes the factors affecting the income and standard of living of the population, as well as the main causes of poverty. Based on global and national experience, the concept of poverty, its measurement criteria and classification are highlighted. Also, the formation of incomes of the population in Uzbekistan, inequality between them and socio-economic mechanisms for its reduction are considered. As a result of the study, proposals and conclusions were developed aimed at reducing poverty, increasing the standard of living of the population and ensuring sustainable economic growth.
Poverty, income, standard of living, income inequality, social policy, economic growth, low-income population, sources of income, social protection, welfare.
IMPROVING THE TAXATION PROCEDURE FOR FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITIES: PROBLEMS, CUSTOMS CONTROL AND INSTITUTIONAL SOLUTIONS
The article examines practical directions for improving the taxation procedure for foreign trade activities based on an analysis of the problems of the tax burden, bad and overdue debts arising from foreign trade operations, double taxation, as well as the mechanisms of customs control and digital administration. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of tax and customs regulation depends not only on rates and benefits, but also on the quality of contract monitoring, the transparency of customs valuation, the use of electronic declarations, risk-oriented control and post-clearance audit. Special attention is paid to the stimulating and compensatory mechanism of asset repatriation, the recognition of certain types of debt as bad debts, the simplification of VAT offset for exported goods and the expansion of digital data exchange among tax, customs and banking institutions. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to move from fragmented control to an integrated model of foreign trade administration that combines fiscal effectiveness, support for bona fide business and a reduction in administrative costs.
Foreign trade activity; taxation; customs payments; tax burden; asset repatriation; bad debt; overdue receivables; VAT; tax control; electronic declaration; risk management; post-clearance audit; digital administration.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF ENTERPRISES: A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Financial stability is a cornerstone of enterprise sustainability and a prerequisite for long-term value creation. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors that influence the financial stability of enterprises, categorizing them into internal determinants — including capital structure, liquidity management, profitability, and operational efficiency — and external determinants such as macroeconomic conditions, regulatory environment, and market competition. Drawing on contemporary financial theory and empirical evidence from transitional economies, the study develops a multidimensional framework for assessing enterprise financial stability and proposes practical recommendations for strengthening corporate financial resilience, with particular relevance for Uzbekistan's business environment.
Financial stability, enterprise, capital structure, liquidity, leverage, profitability, macroeconomic factors, risk management, corporate finance, Uzbekistan.
IMPROVING THE FINANCING OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS BASED ON PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP)
This article examines the development, implementation, and key challenges of public–private partnership (PPP) mechanisms in Uzbekistan, with a focus on their role in infrastructure financing and socio-economic development. The study analyzes national legal and institutional frameworks, including the Law on Public–Private Partnership and strategic government programs such as the “Development Strategy of New Uzbekistan 2022–2026” and “Uzbekistan–2030”. It also explores sectoral PPP initiatives in energy, transport, education, healthcare, and water management, highlighting their contribution to improving public services and attracting private investment. The research draws on statistical data from national ministries and international organizations, including the OECD and Asian Development Bank, to assess investment trends, project implementation dynamics, and regional distribution of PPP projects. The findings indicate that while Uzbekistan has made significant progress in expanding PPP practices and attracting foreign and domestic investment, several challenges remain. These include inefficient risk allocation, growing contingent liabilities, delays in user payments, macroeconomic volatility, and regulatory uncertainties. The study concludes that PPPs play a crucial role in addressing infrastructure gaps and enhancing economic efficiency, but their success largely depends on effective governance, transparent institutional mechanisms, and balanced risk-sharing between public and private partners. Strengthening these aspects is essential for ensuring sustainable infrastructure development and long-term economic growth in Uzbekistan.
Public–Private Partnership (PPP), infrastructure development, investment, risk sharing, public sector, private sector, financing, economic efficiency, Uzbekistan, institutional framework.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF FOREIGN INSURANCE COMPANIES
This article analyzes the financial performance of leading insurance companies operating in the global insurance market. In particular, the activities of large insurance companies are evaluated based on criteria such as market capitalization, the difference between insurance premiums and claims, revenue, and dividend yield. The study provides a comparative analysis of the financial results of insurance companies in the United States, China, Germany, Switzerland, France, the United Kingdom, and other countries.
Insurance, insurance companies, global insurance market, market capitalization, insurance premium, insurance coverage, dividend yield, investment activity.
FOREIGN AIDS, REMITTANCES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SUB –SAHARA AFRICAN COUNTRIES
The study is centred on the interrelationship between foreign aids, remittances and economic development in sub-Sahara African countries from 2000-2022. The study adopted unit root test, co- integration test tool, error correction model and granger causality model as statistical technique. Secondary data were gathered from world bank data base of various years. All the variables were stationary at first difference. The co-integration test shows that there is presence of long run relationship between the study variables. . The ECM results show that: only personal remittance contributes to the building of human development index of Sub –Sahara African (SSA) countries; Bilateral aid (BLA) is insignificant in contributing to the development of the SSA while multilateral aid, remittance from export (RE) failed to promote economic development in the region proxies as Human development index. The granger causality result shows that all the dependent variables support human development index in the development process. The study conclude that personal remittance is the key driver for economic development in the sub-Sahara region. However, the study recommends that regional government should encourage or promote more remittances from migrants by deepening the financial system, promote local production which will boost export; Create an enabling environment within the region to attract more investors from developed economy.
Economic development, multilateral aid, bilateral, personal remittance, remittance from export.
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO ENHANCING CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS IN THE BANKING SYSTEM OF UZBEKISTAN
The increasing complexity of banking operations, rapid digital transformation, and growing economic uncertainty have significantly increased the importance of effective credit risk management in modern banking systems. This study examines contemporary approaches to enhancing credit risk management mechanisms in the banking system of Uzbekistan. The research analyzes existing credit risk management practices, identifies key challenges affecting the quality of risk assessment, and evaluates international experiences related to Basel III standards, IFRS 9 requirements, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and early warning systems. The study employs comparative, analytical, and statistical methods to assess current trends in credit risk management and banking sector stability. Based on the findings, practical recommendations are proposed to improve credit risk assessment procedures, strengthen risk monitoring systems, and increase the resilience of commercial banks. The results indicate that the integration of advanced digital technologies and international risk management standards can significantly enhance the effectiveness of credit risk management and contribute to the sustainable development of Uzbekistan’s banking sector.
Credit risk management, banking system, commercial banks, credit risk assessment, Basel III, IFRS 9, artificial intelligence, machine learning, non-performing loans, financial stability, Uzbekistan.
FINANCING INVESTMENTS DIRECTED TO THE REAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
This study examines the modern features of financing investments directed to the real sector of the economy in developed countries. The research analyzes the main sources of investment financing, including the role of bank loans, capital market instruments, venture capital, and private equity mechanisms. It also highlights the participation of the state in investment processes and its impact on economic efficiency. Based on the experience of developed countries, diversified and innovative approaches to financing the real sector are revealed. The results of the study contribute to the effective use of investment resources and ensuring economic growth.
Real sector, investments, financing, developed countries, capital market, bank loans, venture capital, private investment, economic growth, investment policy.
The article is devoted to the innovative development of agriculture and the issues of introducing innovative technologies into the agricultural sector. In modern conditions, the development of agriculture is determined by the level of implementation of innovative technologies and innovative activities of agribusiness. The main areas of innovative development in agriculture, as well as financial support for innovative agribusiness activities, are discussed. Based on the analysis, the following conclusions are drawn.
Agriculture, innovation, agribusiness, innovative development, agricultural production. efficiency.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CORPORATE ESG RATING ASSESSMENT
The article examines the role of the ESG approach in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, substantiates the feasibility of ESG-based investments, identifies challenges associated with assessing corporate ESG ratings, and highlights the benefits of adopting this approach within the national economy.
Sustainable development, ESG factors, green economy, green investments, responsible investments, green financing, green projects
ENSURING THE LIQUIDITY OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES
This article examines the issues of ensuring the liquidity of economic entities operating in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In the course of the research, the opinions of economists regarding the liquidity of economic entities were studied, and an analysis of the liquidity of economic entities operating in Uzbekistan was conducted. Based on the results of the analysis, relevant conclusions and proposals were developed.
Economic entities, financial stability, liquidity, balance sheet liquidity, asset liquidity, solvency.
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM UNDER CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION
The article examines the changes in global financial markets, the processes of reforming the world financial system, and the main causes of global imbalances. Accordingly, firstly, the current trends in the world financial system, and secondly, the problems that have arisen for the world financial system as a result of fluctuations in the global financial market are studied. Also, the impact of changes in the global financial architecture on the economy of developed and developing countries and the measures used to prevent its negative consequences are highlighted. In this process, the impact of digitalization processes on the world financial system, including the strengthening of competition between traditional and new forms of financial intermediation, the emergence and wide spread of private digital currencies and crypto-assets, researching the processes and defining prospective directions on this basis is an urgent issue. In this regard, the description of the latest trends related to ensuring the stability of the financial system in foreign countries, methods of stimulating economic growth in the conditions of an economic crisis or recession, and effective measures to prevent the debt problem are the main directions of the research. Therefore, attention was paid to the development of scientific conclusions and recommendations based on the research of the impact of global financial trends on the international financial system.
Global financial system, financial architecture, capital market, balance of payments, recession, inflation, SWIFT, crypto-assets.
FINANCIAL MECHANISMS FOR GREEN INVESTMENTS: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
This paper examines the financial mechanisms underpinning green investments in developing countries, highlighting systemic barriers and emerging opportunities. Using recent statistical data from international organizations, the study provides an analytical framework for understanding the dynamics of sustainable financing and proposes strategic recommendations for policymakers and investors.
Green finance, sustainability, economic growth, technological innovation.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL FUNDS OF NON-STATE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
This аrticle аnаlyzes the mаin fаctоrs аffecting the efficiency оf finаnciаl resоurces in privаte higher educаtiоn institutiоns. The increаsing cоmpetitiоn in the educаtiоnаl services mаrket, chаnges in student enrоllment, mаnаgement effectiveness, implementаtiоn оf innоvаtive technоlоgies, аnd the develоpment оf investment аctivities аre cоnsidered key fаctоrs ensuring the finаnciаl sustаinаbility оf privаte higher educаtiоn institutiоns. The study findings indicаte thаt rаtiоnаl mаnаgement оf finаnciаl resоurces, diversificаtiоn оf incоme sоurces, аnd the аpplicаtiоn оf mоdern mаnаgement mechаnisms cоntribute significаntly tо imprоving the оperаtiоnаl efficiency аnd cоmpetitiveness оf higher educаtiоn institutiоns.
Privаte higher educаtiоn institutiоns, finаnciаl resоurces, finаnciаl efficiency, educаtiоnаl services mаrket, investments, mаnаgement, cоmpetitiveness, incоme diversificаtiоn, finаnciаl sustаinаbility, resоurce mаnаgement.
WAYS TO ENSURE THE FINANCIAL STABILITY OF INSURANCE COMPANIES
Financial stability is a fundamental prerequisite for the sustainable operation and growth of insurance companies. The insurance industry plays a crucial role in economic development by providing risk protection, mobilizing savings, and contributing to financial market stability. However, insurance companies face numerous challenges, including market volatility, inflation, regulatory changes, catastrophic losses, and operational risks. This study examines the key factors affecting the financial stability of insurance companies and identifies effective strategies for maintaining solvency and long-term sustainability. Using a qualitative analysis of academic literature, regulatory frameworks, and industry practices, the study highlights the importance of adequate capital management, risk diversification, reinsurance arrangements, sound investment policies, regulatory compliance, and technological innovation. The findings indicate that a comprehensive approach integrating financial, operational, and regulatory measures significantly enhances insurers' resilience against economic shocks. The study concludes that financial stability can be strengthened through proactive risk management, effective governance, and the adoption of advanced technologies.
Insurance companies, financial stability, solvency, risk management, capital adequacy, reinsurance, investment strategy.
DIRECTIONS FOR FORMING AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF FINANCING INNOVATION ACTIVITIES
The article examines the essence, features of innovations, theoretical foundations of financing innovative activities. The volume and trend of changes in the gross domestic product and expenses for financial support of innovation activities are analyzed. The distribution of expenses on innovations in Uzbekistan by sources of financing is studied. A SWOT analysis of ensuring the effectiveness of the system of financing innovative activities of enterprises is considered. Based on the research findings, recommendations have been developed to improve the financing of innovative activities.
Innovation, investment, financing, efficiency, gross domestic product, innovation activities, sources of financing, methods and technologies, research and development, patents, enterprises and start-ups, projects.
TAX ARREARSNING MACROECONOMIC THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH STATE BUDGET STABILITY
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the macroeconomic theoretical foundations of tax arrears and their relationship with government budget stability. Tax arrears are examined as a significant fiscal risk factor, and their interactions with macroeconomic cycles, public debt dynamics, and fiscal sustainability mechanisms are theoretically justified. The study discusses the concept of fiscal sustainability, theories on the impact of debt on macroeconomic stability, institutional features of tax policy that encourage debt accumulation, and the concept of revenue sustainability. Furthermore, the paper highlights the role of tax arrears in weakening the government revenue base, widening fiscal gaps, and increasing vulnerability to macroeconomic shocks. The findings of the research contribute to the development of theoretical conclusions and policy implications aimed at improving tax debt management mechanisms and strengthening budgetary stability.
Tax arrears, fiscal sustainability, macroeconomic stability, government budget, fiscal risks, public debt, tax policy.
WEAKNESSES OF INTEGRATING ERP, EAM AND BI INFORMATION SYSTEMS WITH LONG-TERM ASSET ACCOUNTING AND EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS
This study investigates the weaknesses of integrating Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Enterprise Asset Management (EAM) and Business Intelligence (BI) information systems with long-term asset accounting in the oil and gas transport sector of Uzbekistan. Drawing on a single-firm case study of "Sarbon-Neftegaz" Joint-Stock Company — a subsidiary of "Uzbekneftegaz" JSC operating a fleet of 134 vehicles — the paper identifies four systemic integration weaknesses: data fragmentation across isolated departmental platforms; the absence of a unified asset master register; IAS 16 [1]-non-compliant depreciation policy; and the lack of real-time BI dashboards for strategic decision-making. Using quantitative financial data from 2022–2024 alongside qualitative field observations, the study proposes a three-layer integration architecture that combines ERP financial modules, EAM maintenance and GPS-telematics feeds, and a BI analytical layer. The proposed framework is validated through a cost-benefit projection demonstrating potential annual savings of UZS 3,364 million (29.4% of total asset value), a 60% reduction in reporting lead time, and an increase in vehicle utilisation from 74.3% to 85.0%. The findings contribute to the sparse empirical literature on ERP–EAM–BI integration in developing-country extractive-sector subsidiaries and provide a replicable implementation roadmap for analogous organisations.
ERP integration, EAM, business intelligence, long-term asset accounting, IAS 16, oil and gas transport, strategic management accounting, vehicle fleet, data fragmentation, Uzbekistan.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF DEVELOPING ACCOUNTING POLICY IN THE ACTIVITIES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS
This article examines the specific features of developing accounting policy for agricultural producers — particularly enterprises engaged in growing tree, shrub, and flower seedlings and providing landscape design services. The study analyzes industry-specific accounting policy challenges in biological assets (IAS 41), property, plant, and equipment (IAS 16), inventories (IAS 2), and revenue recognition (IFRS 15). The methodology combines regulatory analysis, comparative analysis, economic statistics, and observation. Findings indicate that proper classification of biological assets, selection of seasonality-sensitive depreciation methods, and stage-by-stage revenue recognition for complex service contracts constitute strategic elements of accounting policy for entities in this sector. Practical recommendations for Uzbek agricultural enterprises are proposed.
Accounting policy, biological assets, agricultural producers, depreciation, fair value, revenue recognition, IFRS, industry-specific features.
RESOURCE ADEQUACY FOR IMPROVING CREDIT OPERATIONS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS: CURRENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES
Credit operations represent one of the most important sources of income for commercial banks; however, they are also associated with significant credit risks that may threaten the financial stability of banking institutions. Therefore, effective credit portfolio diversification and comprehensive credit risk management have become essential elements of modern banking practice. This study examines the theoretical and practical aspects of credit portfolio diversification and its role in reducing credit risk concentration and improving the quality of bank loan portfolios. The study is based on statistical data of the banking sector of Uzbekistan, reports of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan, international banking standards, and scientific literature related to credit risk management. The analysis focuses on the structure and dynamics of credit portfolios by borrower categories and economic sectors, as well as the relationship between diversification levels and the stability of banking activities.
Commercial banks, credit portfolio, credit portfolio diversification, credit risk, non-performing loans, concentration risk, banking stability, lending activities
IMPROVING THE SYSTEM FOR REFINANCING UNSECURED MICROLOANS AT BANKS
This article analyzes the economic significance and practical effectiveness of the unsecured microloan refinancing system in providing financial support to entrepreneurs. The study substantiates that high collateral requirements are among the main factors limiting small businesses access to financial resources. It highlights the role of unsecured microcredit refinancing mechanisms in ensuring bank liquidity, distributing credit risks, reducing interest rates, and expanding lending volumes.
Small business, unsecured microcredits, refinancing, financial support, banking and financial system, credit.